Chimpanzees in Context

Lydia M. Hopper is a primatologist who studies how monkeys and apes innovate and learn new skills. She is the assistant director of the Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes at Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, IL, where Stephen R. Ross is the director. Ross’s research focuses primarily on chimpanzee behavior, cognition, and welfare. He is coeditor of The Mind of the Chimpanzee: Ecological and Experimental Perspectives, also published by the University of Chicago Press.

• ForewordJ. GoodallPreface: Understanding Chimpanzees in ContextL. M. Hopper and S. R. RossAcknowledgmentsPart 1: Life Histories and Developmental Milestones1: Ecological Risk and the Evolution of Great Ape Life HistoriesC. D. Knott and F. S. Harwell2: Growing Up: Comparing Ontogeny of Bonobos and ChimpanzeesV. Behringer, J. M. G. Stevens, T. Deschner, and G. Hohmann3: Dolphins and Chimpanzees: A Case for Convergence?J. Mann, M. A. Stanton, and C. M. MurrayPart 2: A Social Species4: Social Behavior and Social Tolerance in Chimpanzees and BonobosJ. P. Taglialatela, S. A. Skiba, R. E. Evans, S. Bogart, and N. G. Schwob5: Endurance and Flexibility of Close Social Relationships: Comparing Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and Sooty Mangabeys (Cercocebusatys atys)R. M. Wittig, A. Mielke, J. Lester, and C. Crockford6: Urinary Androgens, Dominance Hierarchies, and Social Group Structure among Wild Male Mountain GorillasS. Rosenbaum, R. Santymire, and T. S. StoinskiPart 3: Studying Chimpanzees7: Methods to Study Chimpanzee Social Learning from a Comparative PerspectiveL. M. Hopper and A. J. Carter8: Automated Methods and the Technological Context of Chimpanzee ResearchC. F. Martin and I. Adachi9: The Establishment of Sanctuaries for Former Laboratory Chimpanzees: Challenges, Successes, and Cross-Cultural ContextS. Hirata, N. Morimura, K. Watanuki, and S. R. RossPart 4: Communication10: Gestural Communication in the Great Apes: Tracing the Origins of LanguageC. Hobaiter11: Flexibility in Great Ape Vocal ProductionS. W. Townsend, S. K. Watson, and K. E. Slocombe12: Vocal Communication in Chimpanzees and Bonobos: A Window into the Social WorldZ. ClayPart 5: Cooperation13: Cooperation and Communication in Great ApesS. Duguid, M. Allritz, A. de las Heras, S. Nolte, and J. Call14: The Evolution of Cooperation in Dyads and in Groups: Comparing Chimpanzees and Bonobos in the Wild and in the LaboratoryS. Yamamoto15: Putting Chimpanzee Cooperation in ContextG. L. Vale and S. F. Brosnan16: A Comparison of Cooperative Cognition in Corvids, Chimpanzees, and Other AnimalsJ. J. M. Massen, W. A. A. Schaake, and T. BugnyarPart 6: Tool Use, Cognition, and Culture17: Extractive Foraging in an Extreme Environment: Tool and Proto-tool Use by Chimpanzees at Fongoli, SenegalJ. D. Pruetz, S. L. Bogart, and S. Lindshield18: Cultural Transmission in Dispersing PrimatesL. V. Luncz and E. van de Waal19: On the Origin of Cumulative Culture: Consideration of the Role of Copying in Culture-Dependent Traits and a Reappraisal of the Zone of Latent Solutions HypothesisC. Tennie, L. M. Hopper, and C. P. van Schaik20: Cognitive Control and Metacognition in ChimpanzeesM. J. Beran, B. M. Perdue, and A. E. ParrishPart 7: Caring for Chimpanzees21: Chimpanzees in US Zoos, Sanctuaries, and Research Facilities: A Survey-Based Comparison of Atypical BehaviorsM. A. Bloomsmith, A. W. Clay, S. R. Ross, S. P. Lambeth, C. K. Lutz, S. D. Breaux, R. Pietsch, A. Fultz, M. L. Lammey, S. L. Jacobson, and J. E. Perlman22: When Is “Natural” Better? The Welfare Implications of Limiting Reproduction in Captive ChimpanzeesK. A. Cronin and S. R. Ross23: How Chimpanzee Personality and Video Studies Can Inform Management and Care of the Species: A Case StudyE. S. Herrelko, S. J. Vick, and H. M. Buchanan-Smith24: Chimpanzee Welfare in the Context of Science, Policy, and PracticeS. R. RossPart 8: Conserving Chimpanzees25: Chimpanzee Conservation: What We Know, What We Do Not Know, and Ways ForwardC. A. Chapman, K. Valenta, S. Bortolamiol, S. K. Mugume, and M. Yao26: Holistic Approach for Conservation of Chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, UgandaJ. A. Hartel, E. Otali, Z. Machanda, R. W. Wrangham, and E. Ross27: Forest Certification and the High Conservation Value Concept: Protecting Great Apes in the Sangha Trinational Landscape in an Era of Industrial LoggingD. B. Morgan, W. Winston, C. E. Ayina, W. Mayoukou, E. V. Lonsdorf, and C. M. SanzList of ContributorsIndex

“Our increased understanding of primate behavior has helped us to better understand ourselves. We are not (as was commonly believed in the early 1960s) the only species able to use and make tools, have personalities, minds, and emotions. There is, after all, no difference in kind between us and other animals. Knowing that our closest living relatives are the great apes and studying ways in which our behavior is so similar to theirs, also helps us appreciate the main difference—the explosive development of the human intellect. How strange that the most intellectual species is destroying our only home, Planet Earth. . . . It takes considerable time to study the many facets of a chimpanzee’s life. But we don’t have much time left if we are to do something to help the survival of our closest living relatives. Now it is time to use our intellect to start healing the harm we have inflicted, to protect the habitats of our primate relatives (along with biodiversity) before it is quite too late.”