JOSEPH J. STEPHANOS, PHD, is Associate Professor of Bioinorganic, Biophysical, and Inorganic Chemistry at Menofia University. His research examines metalloprotein chemistry, ligand-binding, and coordination chemistry of biologically active compounds.ANTHONY W. ADDISON, PHD, is Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at Drexel University. His research focuses on bioinorganic chemistry; chemistry of dioxygen- and NO-binding metalloproteins; and the design, synthesis, and properties of novel chelating agents and macrocyclic and oligonuclear metal complexes. His numerous research articles and conference presentations have earned over 8,000 citations and a Hirsch Index of 37.

• Preface ix1 Introduction 1Proteins: Formation, Structures, and Metalloproteins, 4References, 282 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Cations 31References, 673 Nonredox Metalloenzymes 71Carboxypeptidases, 75Carbonic Anhydrase, 84Alcohol Dehydrogenase, 88References, 914 Copper Proteins 95Introduction, 95Electronic Spectra of Copper Ions, 96ESR Spectra of Copper Ions, 105Copper Proteins, 117Plastocyanin, 119Azurin and Stellacyanin, 127Superoxide Dismutase, 131Hemocyanin, 135Ascorbic Oxidase, 139References, 1425 Iron Proteins 147Introduction, 147Electronic Spectra of Iron Ions, 148Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Iron Ions, 155ESR Spectra of Iron (III), 161Iron Bioavailability, 166Siderophores, 171Iron Storage and Transfer Proteins, 184Ferritin, 184Transferrin, 187Dioxygenase Iron Proteins, 195Iron–Sulfur Proteins, 207Rubredoxin, 207Ferredoxins, 2122Fe–2S Ferredoxins, 2124Fe–4S Ferredoxins, 221Aconitase, 226Hydroxylases, 229Hydrogenases, 232Nitrogenases, 240Binuclear Iron Proteins, 251Hemerythrin, 253Ribotide Reductase, Purple Acid Phosphate, and Methane Monooxygenase, 260Hemoproteins: Classification and Behavior of Heme in Absence of Globins, 267Myoglobin and Hemoglobin, 275Myoglobin, 275Hemoglobin, 280Cytochrome C, 298Electron Transfer in Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins, 301Catalases, 311Peroxidases, 315Cytochrome P-450, 322Electronic Spectra of Hemoproteins, 327ESR Spectra of Hemoproteins, 362References, 3786 Vitamin B12 393References, 4057 Chlorophyll 407References, 421Index 423

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JOSEPH J. STEPHANOS, PHD, is Associate Professor of Bioinorganic, Biophysical, and Inorganic Chemistry at Menofia University. His research examines metalloprotein chemistry, ligand-binding, and coordination chemistry of biologically active compounds.ANTHONY W. ADDISON, PHD, is Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at Drexel University. His research focuses on bioinorganic chemistry; chemistry of dioxygen- and NO-binding metalloproteins; and the design, synthesis, and properties of novel chelating agents and macrocyclic and oligonuclear metal complexes. His numerous research articles and conference presentations have earned over 8,000 citations and a Hirsch Index of 37.

• Preface ix1 Introduction 1Proteins: Formation, Structures, and Metalloproteins, 4References, 282 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Cations 31References, 673 Nonredox Metalloenzymes 71Carboxypeptidases, 75Carbonic Anhydrase, 84Alcohol Dehydrogenase, 88References, 914 Copper Proteins 95Introduction, 95Electronic Spectra of Copper Ions, 96ESR Spectra of Copper Ions, 105Copper Proteins, 117Plastocyanin, 119Azurin and Stellacyanin, 127Superoxide Dismutase, 131Hemocyanin, 135Ascorbic Oxidase, 139References, 1425 Iron Proteins 147Introduction, 147Electronic Spectra of Iron Ions, 148Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Iron Ions, 155ESR Spectra of Iron (III), 161Iron Bioavailability, 166Siderophores, 171Iron Storage and Transfer Proteins, 184Ferritin, 184Transferrin, 187Dioxygenase Iron Proteins, 195Iron–Sulfur Proteins, 207Rubredoxin, 207Ferredoxins, 2122Fe–2S Ferredoxins, 2124Fe–4S Ferredoxins, 221Aconitase, 226Hydroxylases, 229Hydrogenases, 232Nitrogenases, 240Binuclear Iron Proteins, 251Hemerythrin, 253Ribotide Reductase, Purple Acid Phosphate, and Methane Monooxygenase, 260Hemoproteins: Classification and Behavior of Heme in Absence of Globins, 267Myoglobin and Hemoglobin, 275Myoglobin, 275Hemoglobin, 280Cytochrome C, 298Electron Transfer in Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins, 301Catalases, 311Peroxidases, 315Cytochrome P-450, 322Electronic Spectra of Hemoproteins, 327ESR Spectra of Hemoproteins, 362References, 3786 Vitamin B12 393References, 4057 Chlorophyll 407References, 421Index 423

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JOSEPH J. STEPHANOS, PHD, is Associate Professor of Bioinorganic, Biophysical, and Inorganic Chemistry at Menofia University. His research examines metalloprotein chemistry, ligand-binding, and coordination chemistry of biologically active compounds.ANTHONY W. ADDISON, PHD, is Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at Drexel University. His research focuses on bioinorganic chemistry; chemistry of dioxygen- and NO-binding metalloproteins; and the design, synthesis, and properties of novel chelating agents and macrocyclic and oligonuclear metal complexes. His numerous research articles and conference presentations have earned over 8,000 citations and a Hirsch Index of 37.

• Preface ix1 Introduction 1Proteins: Formation, Structures, and Metalloproteins, 4References, 282 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Cations 31References, 673 Nonredox Metalloenzymes 71Carboxypeptidases, 75Carbonic Anhydrase, 84Alcohol Dehydrogenase, 88References, 914 Copper Proteins 95Introduction, 95Electronic Spectra of Copper Ions, 96ESR Spectra of Copper Ions, 105Copper Proteins, 117Plastocyanin, 119Azurin and Stellacyanin, 127Superoxide Dismutase, 131Hemocyanin, 135Ascorbic Oxidase, 139References, 1425 Iron Proteins 147Introduction, 147Electronic Spectra of Iron Ions, 148Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Iron Ions, 155ESR Spectra of Iron (III), 161Iron Bioavailability, 166Siderophores, 171Iron Storage and Transfer Proteins, 184Ferritin, 184Transferrin, 187Dioxygenase Iron Proteins, 195Iron–Sulfur Proteins, 207Rubredoxin, 207Ferredoxins, 2122Fe–2S Ferredoxins, 2124Fe–4S Ferredoxins, 221Aconitase, 226Hydroxylases, 229Hydrogenases, 232Nitrogenases, 240Binuclear Iron Proteins, 251Hemerythrin, 253Ribotide Reductase, Purple Acid Phosphate, and Methane Monooxygenase, 260Hemoproteins: Classification and Behavior of Heme in Absence of Globins, 267Myoglobin and Hemoglobin, 275Myoglobin, 275Hemoglobin, 280Cytochrome C, 298Electron Transfer in Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins, 301Catalases, 311Peroxidases, 315Cytochrome P-450, 322Electronic Spectra of Hemoproteins, 327ESR Spectra of Hemoproteins, 362References, 3786 Vitamin B12 393References, 4057 Chlorophyll 407References, 421Index 423

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