PEDRO MERINO, PhD, is the Director of the Department of Synthesis and Structure of Biomolecules of the Institute of Chemical Synthesis and Homogenous Catalysis at the University of Zaragoza. Dr. Merino has authored more than 200 publications, including several reviews and book chapters. His research spans asymmetric synthesis, target-oriented synthesis, organometallic chemistry, and asymmetric metal-assisted and organic catalysis. Recently, he has been investigating the use of computational chemistry to better understand reaction mechanisms.

• Contributors ixForeword xiiiPreface xv1 Biocatalytic Methodologies for Selective Modified Nucleosides 1Miguel Ferrero, Susana Fern´andez, and Vicente Gotor2 Nucleosides Modified at the Base Moiety 49O. Sari, V. Roy, and L. A. Agrofoglio3 Chemical Synthesis of Acyclic Nucleosides 103Hai-Ming Guo, Shan Wu, Hong-Ying Niu, Ge Song, and Gui-Rong Qu4 Phosphonated Nucleoside Analogues 163Roberto Romeo, Caterina Carnovale, Antonio Rescifina, and Maria Assunta Chiacchio5 Chemical Syntheses of Nucleoside Triphosphates 209Lina Weinschenk and Chris Meier6 Mononucleotide Prodrug Synthetic Strategies 229Suzanne Peyrottes and Christian P´erigaud7 Synthesis of C-Nucleosides 263Omar Boutureira, M. Isabel Matheu, Yolanda D´ýaz, and Sergio Castill´on8 Methodologies for the Synthesis of Isomeric Nucleosides and Nucleotides of Antiviral Significance 317Maurice Okello and Vasu Nair9 Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Nucleoside Analogues 345Esma Maougal, Jean-Marc Escudier, Christophe Len, Didier Dubreuil, and Jacques Lebreton10 Synthesis of 3-Spiro-Substituted Nucleosides: Chemistry of TSAO Nucleoside Derivatives 427Mar´ýa-Jos´e Camarasa, Sonsoles Vel´azquez, Ana San-F´elix, and Mar´ýa-Jes´us P´erez-P´erez11 l-Nucleosides 473Daniela Perrone and Massimo L. Capobianco12 Chemical Synthesis of Carbocyclic Analogues of Nucleosides 535E. Leclerc13 Uncommon Three-, Four-, and Six-Membered Nucleosides 605E. Groaz and P. Herdewijn14 Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4-Thionucleosides 655Varughese A. Mulamoottil, Mahesh S. Majik, Girish Chandra, and Lak Shin Jeong15 Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis of Aza-Nucleosides 699Tom´as Tejero, Ignacio Delso, and Pedro Merino16 Stereoselective Methods in the Synthesis of Bioactive Oxathiolane and Dioxolane Nucleosides 727D. D’Alonzo and A. Guaragna17 Isoxazolidinyl Nucleosides 781Ugo Chiacchio, Antonino Corsaro, Salvatore Giofr`e, and Giovanni Romeo18 Synthetic Studies on Antifungal Peptidyl Nucleoside Antibiotics 819Apurba Datta19 Chemical Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained PNA Monomers 847Pedro Merino and Rosa MatuteIndex 881

PEDRO MERINO, PhD, is the Director of the Department of Synthesis and Structure of Biomolecules of the Institute of Chemical Synthesis and Homogenous Catalysis at the University of Zaragoza. Dr. Merino has authored more than 200 publications, including several reviews and book chapters. His research spans asymmetric synthesis, target-oriented synthesis, organometallic chemistry, and asymmetric metal-assisted and organic catalysis. Recently, he has been investigating the use of computational chemistry to better understand reaction mechanisms.

• Contributors ixForeword xiiiPreface xv1 Biocatalytic Methodologies for Selective Modified Nucleosides 1Miguel Ferrero, Susana Fern´andez, and Vicente Gotor2 Nucleosides Modified at the Base Moiety 49O. Sari, V. Roy, and L. A. Agrofoglio3 Chemical Synthesis of Acyclic Nucleosides 103Hai-Ming Guo, Shan Wu, Hong-Ying Niu, Ge Song, and Gui-Rong Qu4 Phosphonated Nucleoside Analogues 163Roberto Romeo, Caterina Carnovale, Antonio Rescifina, and Maria Assunta Chiacchio5 Chemical Syntheses of Nucleoside Triphosphates 209Lina Weinschenk and Chris Meier6 Mononucleotide Prodrug Synthetic Strategies 229Suzanne Peyrottes and Christian P´erigaud7 Synthesis of C-Nucleosides 263Omar Boutureira, M. Isabel Matheu, Yolanda D´ýaz, and Sergio Castill´on8 Methodologies for the Synthesis of Isomeric Nucleosides and Nucleotides of Antiviral Significance 317Maurice Okello and Vasu Nair9 Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Nucleoside Analogues 345Esma Maougal, Jean-Marc Escudier, Christophe Len, Didier Dubreuil, and Jacques Lebreton10 Synthesis of 3-Spiro-Substituted Nucleosides: Chemistry of TSAO Nucleoside Derivatives 427Mar´ýa-Jos´e Camarasa, Sonsoles Vel´azquez, Ana San-F´elix, and Mar´ýa-Jes´us P´erez-P´erez11 l-Nucleosides 473Daniela Perrone and Massimo L. Capobianco12 Chemical Synthesis of Carbocyclic Analogues of Nucleosides 535E. Leclerc13 Uncommon Three-, Four-, and Six-Membered Nucleosides 605E. Groaz and P. Herdewijn14 Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4-Thionucleosides 655Varughese A. Mulamoottil, Mahesh S. Majik, Girish Chandra, and Lak Shin Jeong15 Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis of Aza-Nucleosides 699Tom´as Tejero, Ignacio Delso, and Pedro Merino16 Stereoselective Methods in the Synthesis of Bioactive Oxathiolane and Dioxolane Nucleosides 727D. D’Alonzo and A. Guaragna17 Isoxazolidinyl Nucleosides 781Ugo Chiacchio, Antonino Corsaro, Salvatore Giofr`e, and Giovanni Romeo18 Synthetic Studies on Antifungal Peptidyl Nucleoside Antibiotics 819Apurba Datta19 Chemical Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained PNA Monomers 847Pedro Merino and Rosa MatuteIndex 881

PEDRO MERINO, PhD, is the Director of the Department of Synthesis and Structure of Biomolecules of the Institute of Chemical Synthesis and Homogenous Catalysis at the University of Zaragoza. Dr. Merino has authored more than 200 publications, including several reviews and book chapters. His research spans asymmetric synthesis, target-oriented synthesis, organometallic chemistry, and asymmetric metal-assisted and organic catalysis. Recently, he has been investigating the use of computational chemistry to better understand reaction mechanisms.

• Contributors ixForeword xiiiPreface xv1 Biocatalytic Methodologies for Selective Modified Nucleosides 1Miguel Ferrero, Susana Fern´andez, and Vicente Gotor2 Nucleosides Modified at the Base Moiety 49O. Sari, V. Roy, and L. A. Agrofoglio3 Chemical Synthesis of Acyclic Nucleosides 103Hai-Ming Guo, Shan Wu, Hong-Ying Niu, Ge Song, and Gui-Rong Qu4 Phosphonated Nucleoside Analogues 163Roberto Romeo, Caterina Carnovale, Antonio Rescifina, and Maria Assunta Chiacchio5 Chemical Syntheses of Nucleoside Triphosphates 209Lina Weinschenk and Chris Meier6 Mononucleotide Prodrug Synthetic Strategies 229Suzanne Peyrottes and Christian P´erigaud7 Synthesis of C-Nucleosides 263Omar Boutureira, M. Isabel Matheu, Yolanda D´ýaz, and Sergio Castill´on8 Methodologies for the Synthesis of Isomeric Nucleosides and Nucleotides of Antiviral Significance 317Maurice Okello and Vasu Nair9 Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Nucleoside Analogues 345Esma Maougal, Jean-Marc Escudier, Christophe Len, Didier Dubreuil, and Jacques Lebreton10 Synthesis of 3-Spiro-Substituted Nucleosides: Chemistry of TSAO Nucleoside Derivatives 427Mar´ýa-Jos´e Camarasa, Sonsoles Vel´azquez, Ana San-F´elix, and Mar´ýa-Jes´us P´erez-P´erez11 l-Nucleosides 473Daniela Perrone and Massimo L. Capobianco12 Chemical Synthesis of Carbocyclic Analogues of Nucleosides 535E. Leclerc13 Uncommon Three-, Four-, and Six-Membered Nucleosides 605E. Groaz and P. Herdewijn14 Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4-Thionucleosides 655Varughese A. Mulamoottil, Mahesh S. Majik, Girish Chandra, and Lak Shin Jeong15 Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis of Aza-Nucleosides 699Tom´as Tejero, Ignacio Delso, and Pedro Merino16 Stereoselective Methods in the Synthesis of Bioactive Oxathiolane and Dioxolane Nucleosides 727D. D’Alonzo and A. Guaragna17 Isoxazolidinyl Nucleosides 781Ugo Chiacchio, Antonino Corsaro, Salvatore Giofr`e, and Giovanni Romeo18 Synthetic Studies on Antifungal Peptidyl Nucleoside Antibiotics 819Apurba Datta19 Chemical Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained PNA Monomers 847Pedro Merino and Rosa MatuteIndex 881