Chapman's Comprehensive Orthopaedic Surgery

Michael W Chapman MD Emeritus Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Centre, Davis, California, USAMichelle A James MDChief, Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, and Chief, Division of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Centre, Sacramento, California, USA

• Section 1: Basic Science of the Musculoskeletal SystemDevelopment and Morphogenesis of Skeletal TissuesBone Formation and Resorption: Osteoblasts and OsteoclastsJoint Formation: Articular Cartilage and MeniscusTendon and Ligament Biology and BiomechanicsIntervertebral Disc: Biology and PathophysiologyExtracelluar Matrix: Collagens and ProteoglycansFibronectin, Integrins and Cell AdhesionInjury, Repair and Regeneration of Skeletal TissuesTissue Engineering of Skeletal TissuesBiomechanics and Biology of Skeletal TissuesTissue Banking and Allografts for Tissue RepairBone Morphogenetic Proteins and Other MorphogensSkeletal Muscle Development and PhysiologyNerve Development and PhysiologyCellular, Molecular and Genetic Basis of Tissue FunctionKinesiologyBiomemetic Biomaterials and NanomaterialsStem Cells for Regenerative Medicine Section 2: Diagnosis and Workup of Musculoskeletal DisordersHistory of Orthopaedic SurgeryPhysical Examination of the Musculoskeletal SystemImaging of the Musculoskeletal System including Ultrasound.Laboratory Workup of Musculoskeletal DiseasesThromboembolic Disease and Pulmonary EmbolismProfessionalism in SurgerySurgical Approaches: Hand, Wrist and ForearmSurgical Approaches: Shoulder, Arm and ElbowSurgical Approaches: SpineSurgical Approaches: Acetabulum and PelvisSurgical Approaches: Lower Extremity Preoperative Planning and Perioperative ManagementAnaesthesia and Pain ManagementSoft Tissue ManagementInstrumentation and ImplantsBone Grafting, Bone Graft Substitutes, and Growth FactorsSection 3: Fractures, Dislocations, Non-unions and Mal-unions in AdultsSubsection: 3a.GeneralPrinciples of Closed Treatment of Fractures and DislocationsPrinciples of Internal and External FixationTreatment Principles for Open FracturesManagement of the Multiply Injuried PatientDiagnosis and Management of Compartment SyndromesSubsection: 3b.Upper ExtremityFractures of the Scapula Including the GlenoidFractures of the ClavicleFractures and Fracture/Dislocations of the Proximal HumerusFractures of the Humeral ShaftFractures of the Distal HumerusFractures and Dislocations about the ElbowFractures of the ForearmFractures of the Distal RadiusSubsection: 3c. Pelvis and FemurPelvic Ring InjuriesFractures of the AcetabulumHip Dislocations and Femoral Head FracturesHip Fractures in the ElderlyFemoral Head Fracures in the Young AdultAtypical Fractures of the Proximal FemurFractures of the Proximal Femur and Diaphysis of the FemurDistal Femur FracturesSubsection: 3d. Knee, Tibia and Ankle, and Foot Fractures of the PatellaFractures of the Tibial PlateauFractures of the Shafts of the Tibia and FibulaAnkle Fractures: Operative Treatment and Syndesmosis InjuryAnkle Fractures: Ankle Arthroscopy and Fracture TreatmentPilon FracturesTalus Fractures and DislocationsCalcaneus FracturesMidfoot Fractures and DislocationsMetatarsal and Phalanx FracturesSubsection3e: Nonunion and Malunions Principles of Treatment of Nonunions and MalunionsNonunions and Malunions of the Upper ExtremityNonunions and Malunions of the PelvisNonunions and Malunions of the HipNonunions and Malunions of the Femur and PatellaNonunions and Malunions of the TibiaIlizarov Techniques for Nonunions, Malunions and Leg Length Discrepancy Section 4: Injuries of the Hand, Wrist and Forearm Including Microsurgery and Peripheral Nerve injuries Subsection: 4a. Microvascular Surgery Principles of Microvascular SurgeryVascular Disorders in the Upper ExtremityReplantationFree Tissue TransferVascularized Bone GraftsSubsection: 4b. Trauma Fingertip and Nailbed InjuriesDislocations and Ligamentous Injuries of the DigitsFractures of the Metacarpals and PhalangesDislocations of the CarpusCarpal FracturesInjuries of the Distal Radioulnar JointGunshot, Crush, Injection and Frostbite Injuries of the HandAmputations of the Hand Subsection: 4c. Conditions of TendonsPrinciples of Tendon RepairFlexor Tendon InjuriesExtensor Tendon InjuriesStenosing TenosynovitisLateral and Medial Elbow TendinopathySubsection: 4d. Conditions of NervesPrinciples of Nerve Repair and Nerve TransfersCompression Neuropathies of the Upper ExtremityNeuromasPrinciples of Restoration of Muscle Balance after Forearm and Hand ParalysisRadial Nerve PalsyMedian Nerve PalsyUlnar Nerve PalsyBrachial Plexus InjuriesBrachial Plexus Birth PalsyThoracic Outlet DisordersSubsection: 4e. Reconstructive Procedures Dupuytren’s DiseaseIntrinsic Muscle ContracturesHand BurnsVolkman’s ContractureDysfunction of the Upper Extremity Following Stroke or Brain injuryThe Upper Extremity in TetraplegiaCongenital Hand Malformations: Part ICongenital Hand Malformations: Part IIArthroplasty of the HandBasilar Thumb ArthritisArthrodesis of the Hand and WristInfections of the HandTumors of the HandArthroscopic Surgery of the WristSection 5: The Shoulder and Elbow in AdultsSubsection: 5a. ShoulderShoulder Anatomy and BiomechanicsShoulder ArthritisThe Rotator Cuff Deficient ShoulderShoulder Arthroplasty for Proximal Humeral TraumaFailed Shoulder ArthroplastyShoulder StiffnessScapular DisordersSubsection: 5b. ElbowElbow Anatomy and BiomechanicsArthroplasty and Arthrodesis of the ElbowElbow Arthroplasty for FracturesFailed Arthroplasty of the ElbowStiffness of the ElbowSection 6. Sports injuries and ArthroscopySubsection: 6a. General Principles of Sports Medicine and the Role of the Team PhysicianStress FracturesAdolescent Sports InjuriesSubsection: 6b.Shoulder Arthroscopy of the Shoulder: Set-up and Basic PrinciplesThrowing Injuries of the Shoulder or Shoulder Injuries in the Throwing Athlete: SLAP lesions, LHB, GIRD, Internal Impingement, and Suprascapular Nerve CompressionInjuries of the Acromioclaviclular and Sternoclavicular Joints Shoulder InstabilitiesRotator Cuff DisordersOther Shoulder ConditionsSubsection: 6c. ElbowTendon Disorders of the ElbowArthroscopy of the ElbowElbow InstabilitiesSubsection: 6d. Hip Arthroscopy of the HipTendon Injuries Around the HipSubsection: 6e. KneeAnatomy and Biomechanics of the KneePrinciples of Knee ArthroscopySynovial DisordersArthroscopic Meniscectomy and RepairMeniscal TransplantationChrondral Injuries and use of BiologicsExtensor Tendon Injuries of the KneeAnterior Cruciate Ligament InjuriesIsolated Posterior Cruciate Ligament InjuriesMultiple Ligament Injuries of the Knee (Knee Dislocations)Patellofemoral DisordersPosterolateral Instability of the KneeManagement of Complications of Knee SurgerySubsection: 6f.Foot and Ankle Special Considerations in Sports Injuries of the Foot and AnkleLigament Injuries of the Foot and AnkleLigament Injuries of the Foot and AnkleLigament Injuries of the Foot and Ankle: Medial InstabilityLigament Injuries of the Foot and Ankle: Midfoot/Lisfranc InjuriesLigament Injuries of the Foot and Ankle: Forefoot/Turf Toe InjuriesTendon Injury: Achilles: AcuteTendon Injury: Achilles: ChronicTendon Injury: Peroneal TendonTendon Injury: Peroneal Tendon FHL, PTT, TA, EHLTendon Injury: Other Tendon: FHL, PTT, TA, EHLCommon Sports Fractures in the Foot: Jones FracturesCommon Sports Fractures in the Foot: Stress FracturesAnkle Arthroscopy: Basics, History and TechniquesAnkle Arthroscopy: Ankle ImpingementAnkle Arthroscopy: Talus OCDAnkle Arthroscopy: Subtalar ArthroscopyAnkle arthroscopy: 1st MTP ArthroscopyAnkle arthroscopy: Hindfoot ArthroscopySection 7: Reconstruction and Arthroplasty of the Hip and KneeDesign and Performance of Joint ReplacementsOsteotomies about the Hip including Periacetabular OsteotomiesPrimary Hip Arthroplasty including Hemi-arthroplasty and Total Hip AthroplastyPrimary Hip Arthroplasty: Anterior Hip ArthroplastyFailed Hip Arthroplasty: Revision and ArthrodesisOsteotomies about the KneePrimary Total Knee ArthroplastyFailed Knee Arthroplasty: Revision and ArthrodesisManagement of Periprosthetic InfectionSection 8: The Foot and AnkleSubsection: 8a. Arthritis of the Foot and AnkleAnkle Arthritis: Epidemiology, Gait Changes, and Non-operative TreatmentAnkle Arthritis: Ankle Preservation TechniquesAnkle Arthritis: ArthrodesisAnkle Arthritis: Total Ankle ArthroplastyOutcomes of TAA And Treatment Of Painful TAASubtalar ArthritisHindfoot and Pantalar ArthrodesisMidfoot ArthritisHallux Rigidus: Introduction & Non-operative CareHallux Rigidus: Chielectomy, Osteotomy, Hemiarthroplasty, Interposition ArthroplastyHallux Rigidus: 1st MTP ArthrodesisSubsection: 8b. Adult Acquired Flatfoot DisorderAdult Acquired Flatfoot DeformityFlexible Flatfoot ReconstructionTriple Arthrodesis for the Rigid Flatfoot DeformitySubsection: 8c. Hallux ValgusHallux ValgusSurgical/Operative Treatment of Hallux ValgusSubsection: 8d. Lesser Toe PathologyHammer ToesMetatarsalgia and Plantar Plate PathologySubsection: 8e. Inflammatory and Rheumatologic DisordersArthropathy and Rheumatologic Considerations in F&A SurgeryOperative Treatment of F&A Inflammatory DiseaseSubsection: 8f. Diabetic Disorders of the Foot and AnkleDiabetic Disorders of the Foot and Ankle: General PrinciplesDiabetic InfectionsCharcot Disease and TreatmentSubsection: 8g. Neurological Disorders of the Foot and AnkleCauses and Treatment of FootdropTarsal Tunnel SyndromePeripheral Nerve Lesions Including Morton's NeuromaNeuromuscular Disorders and Cavus DeformitySubsection: 8h. Miscellaneous Disorders of the Foot and AnkleNail DisordersSkin DisordersSection 9: Musculoskeletal Oncology and AmputationsA. Principles of Limb Salvage Surgery B. Tumors of the Shoulder Girdle C. Tumors of the Hip and Pelvis D. Tumors of the KneeBone and Soft Tissue ImagingBenign Bone TumorsMalignant Bone TumorsBenign Soft Tissue TumorsMalignant Soft Tissue TumorsMarrow Cell Tumors and Metastatic Disease to BoneAmputations of the Upper ExtremityAmputations of the Lower ExtremitySection 10: Infectious, Metabolic, Neurological and Other Musculoskeletal DisordersPrinciples of Treatment of Infection and Antimicrobial TherapyManagement of Acute and Chronic OsteomyelitisManagement of Septic ArthritisMetabolic Bone DiseaseManagement of Synovial DiseaseHeterotopic Ossification and Charcot ArthropathyOsteonecrosisOrthopaedic Management of Lower Extremity Dysfunction Following Stroke or Brain InjurySection 11: SpineSubsection: 11a. Principles and Anatomy History of Spine SurgeryUse of Bone Grafting, Bone Graft Substitutes, and Growth Factors in SpineUse of Spinal OrthosesRadiologic Imaging of the SpineCervical Surgical ApproachesThoracic and Lumbar Surgical ApproachesBiomechanics of Spinal InstrumentationSubsection: 11b. Trauma Fractures and Instability of Occ-C-1-C-2Fractures and Dislocations of the Cervical Spine from C-3 to C-7Thoracolumbar Fractures: Evaluation, Classification and Initial TreatmentOperative Treatment of Thoracic and Thoracolumbar FracturesFractures of the SacrumSubsection: 11c. Disc Injury and Degenerative Disease Pathophysiology of Degenerative Disc DiseaseNon-operative Management of Cervical and Lumbar Degenerative DiseasesSurgical Management of Cervical Degenerative DiseasesSurgical Management of Lumbar Disc DiseaseManagement of Failed Surgery for Lumbar Degenerative DisordersSubsection: 11d.Tumors and Infections of the Spine Pyogenic Infections of the SpineGranulomatous Infections of the SpinePrimary Tumors of the SpineMetastatic Tumors of the SpineSubsection: 11e. Rheumatologic Disease of the Spine Rheumatological Disorders Affecting the SpineSurgical Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Cervical SpineSurgical Treatment of Ankylosing SpondylitisSubsection: 11f.Spinal DeformityPrinciples of Treatment and Non-operative Care of ScoliosisSurgery for the Growing SpineSurgery for Pediatric Idiopathic ScoliosisSpinal Surgery in Congenital Spine DeformitySurgery for Pediatric Kyphotic DeformitySurgery for Pediatric SpondylolisthesisSurgical Treatment of MyelomeningoceleSurgical Treatment of Neuromuscular DeformitesSurgical Treatment of Adult ScoliosisSurgical Treatment of Degenerative ScoliosisSurgical Treatment of Sagittal Plane Deformities in AdultsRevision and Salvage of Failed Surgery for Spinal DeformitySection 12: Pediatric DisordersGrowth and Development of the Musculoskeletal SystemRole of Genetics in Pediatric OrthopaedicsPediatric Musculoskeletal ExaminationNormal Gait and Assessment of Gait DisordersEndocrine and Metabolic DisordersSkeletal Dysplasias and SyndromesMusculoskeletal Trauma in ChildrenMusculoskeletal Infections in ChildrenLower Extremity Disorders in ChildrenHip Disorders in Children: Developmental Dysplasia of the HipHip Disorders in Children: Legg-Calve-Perthes DiseaseHip Disorders in Children: Slipped Capital Femoral EpiphysisHip Disorders in Children: ImpingementKnee Disorders in ChildrenFoot Disorders in ChildrenNeuro-orthopaedics: Cerebral Palsy, NonambulatoryNeuro-orthopaedics: Cerebral Palsy, AmbulatoryNeuro-orthopaedics:  Cerebral Palsy, Upper ExtremityNeuro-orthopaedics: MyelodysplasiaNeuro-orthopaedics: PoliomyelitisLimb Deficiency in ChildrenSection 13: Rehabilitation and Physical MedicineSubsection: 13a. EvaluationPhysiatric History and Physical ExaminationElectrodiagnosisNerve Conduction StudiesIntraoperative MonitoringMusculoskeletal UltrasoundImpairment Rating and Disability DeterminationSubsection: 13b. Treatment Techniques and ModalitiesPhysical Modalities and Electrical StimulationTherapeutic ExerciseManipulation, Massage and TractionUpper Extremity OrthoticsLower Extremity OrthoticsUpper Extremity ProstheticsLower Extremity ProstheticsWheelchairs, Seating Systems, and Mobility AidsPeripheral Joint and Soft Tissue Injection TechniquesSpinal Injection TechniquesSpasticity ManagementIntegrative Medicine Approach to Chronic Musculoskeletal PainSubsection: 13c. Rehabilitation of Specific DiagnosesPeripheral NeuropathyMyopathyMotor Neuron DiseaseConcussion and Traumatic Brain InjurySpinal Cord InjuryCerebral PalsySpina BifidaAmputation RehabilitationBurnsOsteoarthritis and Rheumatologic Disorders