The book covers a range of unique, challenging, and complicated respiratory and critical illness cases (pneumonia, cancer, asthma), and other internal medicine conditions. It provides an in-depth understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of diseases and applications of the latest interventional pulmonology techniques for diagnosing and treating patients. Additionally, it includes updates on current standard treatment options for critical illness conditions. Individual chapters provide a comprehensive and structured approach to each complex and distinct disease. It covers lung and airway diseases and conditions that affect other organs including, the pancreas, lymph nodes, and heart. Chapters are supplemented with original figures of patients’ radiology and/or biopsy results. It provides easy-to-follow explanations and key points in each chapter. It discusses cases treated by a multidisciplinary team; most early diagnosed and treated cases have a good prognosis. These cases help medical practitioners better understand and develop an early approach to similar cases in their daily clinical practice. The book also illustrates the benefits of early interventions, such as interventional pulmonology or surgical procedures. This book is useful for physicians, including intensivists, respirologists, internists and general practitioners, and medical students/trainees and students in the health field (nursing, public health, pharmacy).