• 1. Introduction.- 2. Conifer Protoplasts.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Starting Material.- 3. Protoplast Isolation.- 4. Protoplast Culture.- 5. Conclusion.- 3. Protoplast Culture of Hardwoods.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Requirements of a Successful Protoplast System.- 3. Concluding Remarks.- 4. Biochemistry of Forest Tree Species in Culture.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biochemistry.- 3. Conclusion.- 5. Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Perennials.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods.- 3. Somatic Embryo Development.- 4. Plant Development.- 5. Physiology.- 6. Discussion.- 7. Conclusion.- 6. Ammohia: its Analogues, Metabolic Products and Site of Action in Somatic Embryogenesis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Localization of Ammonia Assimilation.- 3. Ports of Entry for Reduced Nitrogen.- 4. Genetic Regulation.- 5. Effects of Ammonia.- 6. Other Pivotal Products.- 7. N Transfers and Release in Embryogenesis: Internal Sources of Ammonia.- 8. Need For Diagnostic Specificity.- 7. Embryo Culture.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Background.- 3. Embryo Culture.- 4. Embryo Rescue.- 5. in Ovulo Embryo Culture.- 6. in Vitro Pollination and Fertilization.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- 8. in vitro Control of Morphogenesis in Conifers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Regeneration of Plantlets from Tissues of Mature Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco).- 3. Male and Female Cone Production in Sequoia Semperv1Rens Explants.- 4. Conclusions.- 9. Morphogenesis (Cytochemistry).- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Methods for Tissue Preparation for Cytochemical Staining.- 3. Cytochemical Staining Procedures.- 4. Enzyme Histochemistry.- 5. Applications of Histo- and Cytochemical Techniques in Tissue Culture.- 6. Conclusions.- 10. Root Formation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biological, Physical and Chemical Factors Affecting Rhizogenesis. their Putative Roles.- 3. Metabolic Changes Associated with Root Formation.- 4. Factors Influencing Root Formation in vitro.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- 11. Correlations Within the Tree.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Consequences of Tree Physiology.- 3. Juvenility and Topophysis.- 4. Mother Tree Pretreatments.- 5. Case Study: Douglas Fir.- 12. Haploids (Gymnosperms).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sources Of Haploid Cells.- 3. Behavior of Gametophytestn vitro.- 4. Ploidy of Tissues and Organs Derived from Gametophytes.- 5. Conclusion.- 13. Induction of Androgenesis in Hardwood Trees.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Prospects of Improvement of Woody Plants by Using Haploids.- 3. Morphogenesis in Anther Culture.- 4. Androgenesis and Culture Medium.- 5. Variation of Chromosome Number.- 6. Methodology for Evaluation of Pollen Trees.- 14. Triploids.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Endosperm.- 3. In vitro Culture.- 4. Applications.- 15. Cold Storage of Tissue Cultures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodology of Cold Storage.- 3. Factors Affecting Cold Storage.- 4. Ultrastructure of Cold-Stored Cells.- 5. Uses for Cold Storage.- 6. Conclusions.- 16. Cryopreservation of Woody Species.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Procedure.- 3. Examples of Cryopreservation of Woody Plant Material.- 4. Potential Application of Cryopreservation in Tree Improvement.- 17. Nursery Handling of Propagules.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Commercial Nursery Needs Vs. Laboratory Practice.- 3. Seasonality of Growth and Production Cycles.- 4. Micropropagation Options.- 5. Factors Affecting Survival and Growth.- 18. Mycorrhizae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Role of Mycorrhizae in Tree Growth and Development.- 3. Production and Application of Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Inoculum.- 4. Field Trials With Ectomycorrhizal Planting Stock.- 5. Production and Application of Endomycorrhizal Inoculum.- 6. Field Trials with Endomycorrhizal.- 7. Research Opportunities.- 8. Summary.- 19. Tissue Culture Application to Forest Pathology and Pest Control.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Host and Pathogen: Culture and Challenge.- 3. Somaclonal Variation.- 4. Virus and Mycoplasma Elimination.- 5. Genetic Vectors.- 6. Conclusion.- 20. Tumors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Tumors of Fungal Origin.- 3. Tumors op Bacterial Origin.- 4. Viral Tumors.- 5. Genetic Tumors.- 6. Tumors Caused by Insects.- 7. Tumors of Unknown Origin.- 8. In vitro Culture.- 9. Conclusion.- 21. Cell Suspension Cultures for the Study of Plant Cell Senescence.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Terminology and Cotext.- 3. Senescence of Cultured Pear Fruit Cells.- 4. Discussion.- 5. Conclusions.- 22. Physiological States and Metabolic Phenotypes in Embryonic Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. State Network Maps.- 3. Map Features.- 4. Process Control.- 5. Some Implications and Uses.- 6 Conclusions.- Tree species index.- General index.

'... the three volumes provide a comprehensive survey of the state of research, theoretical and practical problems, and of potential and actual applications of cell and tissue cultures in forest and some other woody plants. It will certainly be of great interest to research workers within various theoretical and applied fields of experimental botany and can assist in achieving commercial exploitation of in vitro technologies.' Biologia Plantarum, (1988) 'Overall, the three volumes form a very comprehensive guide to the application of tissue culture to forestry improvement programmes. ... strongly recommended for inclusion in the library of every tissue culture laboratory.' Journal of Experimental Botany, 39:203 (1988)