J. W. Rich is Emeritus Professor of Roman History at the Department of Classics, University of Nottingham. He is editor of 'The City in Late Antiquity' (Routledge, 1996); co-editor with Andrew Wallace-Hadrill of 'City and Country in the Ancient World' (Routledge, 1992); and co-editor with Graham Shipley of 'War and Society in the Roman World' and 'War and Society in the Greek World' (Routledge, 1995).