Howard J. Herzog is Senior Research Engineer in the MIT Energy Initiative. He ran an industrial consortium on CCS (Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage) from 2000 to 2016, served as a US delegate to the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum s Technical Group from 2003 to 2007, and was a Coordinating Lead Author for the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Special Report on CCS (2005). Niall Mac Dowell is Professor in Energy Systems Engineering at Imperial College London and a Fellow of both the IChemE (Institution of Chemical Engineers) and RSC (Royal Society of Chemistry). He was awarded the Qatar Petroleum medal for his research in 2010 and the IChemE s Nicklin and Junior Moulton medals for his work on low carbon energy in 2015 and 2021, respectively.