Cancer Immunotherapy at the Crossroads

• I. Basic Mechanisms of Immune Evasion.- 1 HLA Class I Antigen-Processing Machinery and HLA Class I Antigen-Derived Peptide-Complex Defects in Tumor-Cell Escape.- 2 Immune Defects in T Cells From Cancer Patients: Parallels in Infectious Diseases.- 3 Malfunction of the Dendritic Cell System in Cancer.- 4 CD4+ T-Cell-Mediated Immunity to Cancer.- 5 Immunological Ignorance in Cancer.- 6 The Role of Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis in T-Cell Dysfunction.- 7 Alterations in T-Cell Signaling Pathways and Increased Sensitivity to Apoptosis.- 8 The Role of Tumor Gangliosides in the Immune Dysfunction of Cancer.- 9 Interleukin-l0-Induced Immune Suppression in Cancer.- 10 Accentuating Tumor Immunity Through Costimulation: A Detailed Analysis of OX40 Engagement and CTLA-4 Blockade.- 11 Optimizing T-Cell Adoptive Immunotherapy to Overcome Tumor Evasion.- 12 Tumor Resistance to Apoptosis: Mechanisms of Evasion and Implications for Radiation and Chemotherapeutic Strategies.- II. Clinical Relevance of Immune Evasion.- 13 The Development and Reversal of T-Cell Tolerance in Cancer Patients Receiving Peptide-Based Vaccines.- 14 Altered Signaling in T Lymphocytes of Patients With Cancer: A Biomarker of Prognosis?.- 15 Allogeneic Hematopoietic Blood-Cell Transplantation as Immunotherapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.- 16 Immune Defects in Patients Suffering From Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.- 17 Immune Dysfunction in Classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.- 18 Lung Cancer and Immune Dysfunction.- 19 Primary Malignant Brain Tumors: Immune Defects and Immune Evasion.

"...good reading for all those interested in oncological immunotherapy." -Cancer Forum "State of the art and insightful...illuminates the possibilities for developing effective immunotherapies that can block the mechanisms by which tumors evade the immune system in different histologic types of tumors." - Tumori