David M. Thomas is the retired vice-president academic of Vancouver Island University. He was the editor and co-editor of the first four editions of Canada and the United States? and holds a PhD in political science from the University of Calgary.Christopher Sands is the director of the Canada Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and director of the Hopkins Center for Canadian Studies at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies.

• Introduction David M. ThomasPart 1: Populations, Impressions, and Values1. North America’s New Demographic DestinyDarryl Bricker and John Ibbitson2. Imagining Each OtherStephen Brooks3.  American Backlash, Canadian Compromise: 30 Years of DivergenceMichael Adams4. Together and Apart: Canada and the United States and the World BeyondDeanna Horton and Roy NortonPart 2: Governance and Governing Mechanisms5. Elections: Why Such Differences?  Michael Boda and Keith Archer6. Past Futures: Federalism under Yet More StressDavid M. Thomas7.  Prime Ministers and Presidents: Institutional Differences and Political ConvergenceThomas Bateman 8. How Partisan Polarization Affects the Workings of the US Congress and the Canadian Parliament in the Twenty-first CenturyMelissa Haussman and Lori Turnbull9. Courts and the LawChios Carmody Part 3: Economic Systems, Taxation, Safety Nets, and Democracy10. The Complex World of Budgetary Policy: Made Even More Complex by COVID-19Munir Sheikh11. Healthcare in Canada and the United StatesAntonia Maioni and Pierre Martin12. Inequality: Choose Your Parents WiselyJohn HarlesPart 4: Policy Differences, Policy Challenges, and Policy Change13. Protests, Diversity, and Differences That Matter – For SomeKathy Brock and Andrea Migone14. Twin Crises – Twin Ambitions – Twin Vulnerabilities: Confronting Climate Change and Biodiversity Loss in Canada and the United StatesAndrea Olive and Debora VanNijnatten15. Energy Interdependence and the FutureMonica Gattinger and Julien TohmeConclusionChristopher Sands Index