Del 0 - Oxford Studies in Byzantium

Caliphs and Merchants

Cities and Economies of Power in the Near East (700-950)

Inbunden, Engelska, 2020

AvFanny Bessard,Oxford) Bessard, Fanny (Associate Professor in Medieval Eurasian History, Associate Professor in Medieval Eurasian History, Faculty of History, University of Oxford and Trinity College,Bessard,BESSARD

2 499 kr

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Caliphs and Merchants: Cities and Economies of Power in the Near East (700-950) offers fresh perspectives on the origins of the economic success of the early Islamic Caliphate, identifying a number of previously unnoticed or underplayed yet crucial developments, such as the changing conditions of labour, attitudes towards professional associations, and the interplay between the state, Islamic religious institutions, and the economy. Moving beyond the well-studied transition between the death of Justinian in 565 and the Arab-Muslim conquests in the seventh century, the volume focuses on the period between 700 and 950 during which the Islamic world asserted its identity and authority. Whilst the extraordinary prosperity of Near Eastern cities and economies during this time was not unprecedented when one considers the early Imperial Roman world, the aftermath of the Arab-Muslim conquests saw a deep transformation of urban retail and craft which marked a distinct break from the past. It explores the mechanisms effecting these changes, from the increasing involvement of caliphs and their governors in the patronage of urban economies, to the empowerment of enriched entrepreneurial tā%gir from the ninth century. Combining detailed analysis of a large corpus of literary sources in Arabic with presentation of new physical and epigraphic evidence, and utilizing an innovative approach which is both comparative and global, the discussion lucidly locates the Middle East within the contemporary Eurasian context and draws instructive parallels between the Islamic world and Western Christendom, Byzantium, South-East Asia, and China.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2020-10-27
Mått163 x 241 x 24 mm
Vikt1 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
SerieOxford Studies in Byzantium
Antal sidor400
FörlagOUP OXFORD
ISBN9780198855828

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Fanny Bessard is a historian of early and classical Islam with expertise in Arabic historiography, as well as a practicing archaeologist with a decade of field experience in the Near East and Central Asia. Before joining the University of Oxford she held a Newton International Fellowship at SOAS (2013-15), a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship at the University of St Andrews (2015-16), and a Lectureship in the Department of Historical Studies at the University of Bristol (2016-19). Her main research interests lie in the social and economic transformations of the Near East from 700 to 1000.

FrontmatterList of IllustrationsList of AbbreviationsNotes on Transcription and DatesMaps0: Introduction1: The Historical Context1. Conquests2. Ideology3. Agriculture4. TradePART I. PATRONAGE AND POWER2: A Stamp of Authority1. A Caliphal officium2. Sowing and reaping3. Exercise and assertion of power3: New Perspectives on Urban Economic Planning1. Growth of communal working areas in the Levant (700-750)2. Process of exclusion of economic clusters under early 'Abb=asid rule3. Raba.d in Central Asia4. Isolation of domesticity4.1. Productive and public use to domestic shelter4.2. An emphasis on intimacy3a: ConclusionPART II. REVISITING THE LEGACIES4: Artisans to Producers1. The progression of change1.1. Persistence of Roman practices after 7001.2. Downfall of 'home' production after 8002. Approaches to key industries2.1. Pottery2.2. Glass-making2.3. Textile industry3. Food processing industries3.1. Oil and wine industries3.2. Watermills5: Reshaping Market-Places1. From the ergast=erion to the s=uq2. Covered market-places2.1. Funduq2.2. D=ar, nh=an, and qays=ariyya5a: ConclusionPART III. INSTITUTIONAL AND RELIGIOUS GENERATORS6: Money Supply and Currency1. Out with the old2. Coinage in common3. Balancing supply and demand7: Islamifying the Economy1. Commercial rituals and Islamic worship2. Mosques and measures3. The mu.htasib7a: ConclusionPART IV. ECONOMY AND SOCIAL CHANGES8: The Evolution of Labour Patterns1. Conditions of labour1.1. Servile labour1.2. Free labour1.3. Wage labour2. Changing patterns of institutional identity3. Status and composition of the labour force3.1. Disdained and tolerated professions3.2. Changing division of labour3.3. Female artisans9: Twilight of the Clerical and Landowning Elite, Rise of Tu%g%g=ar1. Retailers and traders before 8002. Ascendance of tu%g%g=ar from 8002.1. Financial2.2. Identity2.3. Cultural3. Tu%g%g=ar's political and religious careers4. Tu%g%g=ar and authority4.1. The defense of trading interests4.2. Tu%g%g=ar and economic expansion9a: Conclusion10: ConclusionEndmatterAppendixReferencesIndex

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