David Bertaina, PhD. (2007), The Catholic University of America, is Professor of History at the University of Illinois Springfield. He publishes on the history of Christian-Muslim encounters and the relationship of the Bible and Qurʾan, including the edited volume Heirs of the Apostles (Brill, 2019).

• AcknowledgementsList of FiguresAbbreviationsNote on Translation and TransliterationPart 1 Study1 The Life of Būluṣ ibn Rajāʾ1 Introduction2 Ibn Rajāʾ and the Fatimid Era3 The Biography of Būluṣ ibn Rajāʾ2 The Context for Ibn Rajāʾ’s The Truthful Exposer1 Title, Date, and Audience: Copts and Muslims ca. 1009–10122 Ibn Rajāʾ’s Intellectual Circles3 Ibn Rajāʾ on Muslim Conversion to Christianity3 The Arguments and Sources of The Truthful Exposer1 Ibn Rajāʾ on the Qurʾan2 Ibn Rajāʾ on Muḥammad3 Ibn Rajāʾ on the Hadith4 Ibn Rajāʾ’s Use of Intra-Islamic Disputations5 Ibn Rajāʾ’s Use of Christian Arabic Sources4 The Reception of The Truthful Exposer1 Literary Afterlife from the Mediterranean to Europe2 A Comparative Analysis of the Arabic and Latin Versions3 The Arabic Manuscripts and NotesPart 2 The Truthful Exposer (Kitāb al-Wāḍiḥ bi-l-Ḥaqq)Introduction: Būluṣ ibn Rajāʾ’s Conversion and Purpose for Writing1 On Divisions among Muslims: A Lack of Consensus about the Qurʾan and Interpretation2 A Refutation of the Alleged Alteration of the Torah and the Gospel3 On Muḥammad as a Prophet of the Sword; Anecdotes of Christians Living under Islam4 On Those Who Converted to Islam in Fear of the Sword5 On Musaylima the False Prophet and al-ʿAnsī6 On Muḥammad’s Claim of How the Revelation Came to Him7 On the Meaning of the Qurʾan: Different Texts and Readings (qirāʾāt) of the Qurʾan8 On What Muslims Have Lost from the Qurʾan9 On Their Agreement about Marwān Ibn al-Ḥakam’s Version10 On the Authority of Interpreting the Qurʾan11 On Inconsistencies and Repetitions in the Qurʾan12 On the Subject of Mary the Copt13 On Sexual Themes in the Qurʾan14 On the Zayd Scandal15 On the Repetition of Passages in the Qurʾan Taken from the Torah, Psalms, and Gospel16 On the Inimitability of the Qurʾan17 On the Audience for the Qurʾan and the Bible as a Source18 On Contradictions in the Qurʾan19 A Refutation of Muḥammad’s Alleged Favor over Other Prophets20 A Refutation of Muḥammad’s Never Disbelieving or Worshipping Idols21 A Refutation of Equating Jesus with Adam (Q 3:59)22 A Response on the Anthropomorphizing of God in Christianity and the Qurʾan23 A Response on the Union of Jesus Christ at the Incarnation24 A Response on the Crucifixion of Christ (Q 4:157)25 On the Destruction of the Kaʿba26 On the Black Stone27 On the Pilgrimage to Mecca28 On the Sacrifice of Cattle and Camels29 On Contradictions in the Qurʾan and Oral Traditions30 On Marriage and Divorce in the Qurʾan; On Muḥammad’s Night Journey31 Conclusion: Closing Exhortation32 Appendix: Additional Contradictions in the QurʾanBibliographyIndex of The Truthful ExposerIndex of Biblical and Qurʾanic CitationsIndex of People, Places, and Subjects

David Bertaina, PhD. (2007), The Catholic University of America, is Professor of History at the University of Illinois Springfield. He publishes on the history of Christian-Muslim encounters and the relationship of the Bible and Qurʾan, including the edited volume Heirs of the Apostles (Brill, 2019).

• AcknowledgementsList of FiguresAbbreviationsNote on Translation and TransliterationPart 1 Study1 The Life of Būluṣ ibn Rajāʾ1 Introduction2 Ibn Rajāʾ and the Fatimid Era3 The Biography of Būluṣ ibn Rajāʾ2 The Context for Ibn Rajāʾ’s The Truthful Exposer1 Title, Date, and Audience: Copts and Muslims ca. 1009–10122 Ibn Rajāʾ’s Intellectual Circles3 Ibn Rajāʾ on Muslim Conversion to Christianity3 The Arguments and Sources of The Truthful Exposer1 Ibn Rajāʾ on the Qurʾan2 Ibn Rajāʾ on Muḥammad3 Ibn Rajāʾ on the Hadith4 Ibn Rajāʾ’s Use of Intra-Islamic Disputations5 Ibn Rajāʾ’s Use of Christian Arabic Sources4 The Reception of The Truthful Exposer1 Literary Afterlife from the Mediterranean to Europe2 A Comparative Analysis of the Arabic and Latin Versions3 The Arabic Manuscripts and NotesPart 2 The Truthful Exposer (Kitāb al-Wāḍiḥ bi-l-Ḥaqq)Introduction: Būluṣ ibn Rajāʾ’s Conversion and Purpose for Writing1 On Divisions among Muslims: A Lack of Consensus about the Qurʾan and Interpretation2 A Refutation of the Alleged Alteration of the Torah and the Gospel3 On Muḥammad as a Prophet of the Sword; Anecdotes of Christians Living under Islam4 On Those Who Converted to Islam in Fear of the Sword5 On Musaylima the False Prophet and al-ʿAnsī6 On Muḥammad’s Claim of How the Revelation Came to Him7 On the Meaning of the Qurʾan: Different Texts and Readings (qirāʾāt) of the Qurʾan8 On What Muslims Have Lost from the Qurʾan9 On Their Agreement about Marwān Ibn al-Ḥakam’s Version10 On the Authority of Interpreting the Qurʾan11 On Inconsistencies and Repetitions in the Qurʾan12 On the Subject of Mary the Copt13 On Sexual Themes in the Qurʾan14 On the Zayd Scandal15 On the Repetition of Passages in the Qurʾan Taken from the Torah, Psalms, and Gospel16 On the Inimitability of the Qurʾan17 On the Audience for the Qurʾan and the Bible as a Source18 On Contradictions in the Qurʾan19 A Refutation of Muḥammad’s Alleged Favor over Other Prophets20 A Refutation of Muḥammad’s Never Disbelieving or Worshipping Idols21 A Refutation of Equating Jesus with Adam (Q 3:59)22 A Response on the Anthropomorphizing of God in Christianity and the Qurʾan23 A Response on the Union of Jesus Christ at the Incarnation24 A Response on the Crucifixion of Christ (Q 4:157)25 On the Destruction of the Kaʿba26 On the Black Stone27 On the Pilgrimage to Mecca28 On the Sacrifice of Cattle and Camels29 On Contradictions in the Qurʾan and Oral Traditions30 On Marriage and Divorce in the Qurʾan; On Muḥammad’s Night Journey31 Conclusion: Closing Exhortation32 Appendix: Additional Contradictions in the QurʾanBibliographyIndex of The Truthful ExposerIndex of Biblical and Qurʾanic CitationsIndex of People, Places, and Subjects

David Bertaina, PhD. (2007), The Catholic University of America, is Professor of History at the University of Illinois Springfield. He publishes on the history of Christian-Muslim encounters and the relationship of the Bible and Qurʾan, including the edited volume Heirs of the Apostles (Brill, 2019).

• AcknowledgementsList of FiguresAbbreviationsNote on Translation and TransliterationPart 1 Study1 The Life of Būluṣ ibn Rajāʾ1 Introduction2 Ibn Rajāʾ and the Fatimid Era3 The Biography of Būluṣ ibn Rajāʾ2 The Context for Ibn Rajāʾ’s The Truthful Exposer1 Title, Date, and Audience: Copts and Muslims ca. 1009–10122 Ibn Rajāʾ’s Intellectual Circles3 Ibn Rajāʾ on Muslim Conversion to Christianity3 The Arguments and Sources of The Truthful Exposer1 Ibn Rajāʾ on the Qurʾan2 Ibn Rajāʾ on Muḥammad3 Ibn Rajāʾ on the Hadith4 Ibn Rajāʾ’s Use of Intra-Islamic Disputations5 Ibn Rajāʾ’s Use of Christian Arabic Sources4 The Reception of The Truthful Exposer1 Literary Afterlife from the Mediterranean to Europe2 A Comparative Analysis of the Arabic and Latin Versions3 The Arabic Manuscripts and NotesPart 2 The Truthful Exposer (Kitāb al-Wāḍiḥ bi-l-Ḥaqq)Introduction: Būluṣ ibn Rajāʾ’s Conversion and Purpose for Writing1 On Divisions among Muslims: A Lack of Consensus about the Qurʾan and Interpretation2 A Refutation of the Alleged Alteration of the Torah and the Gospel3 On Muḥammad as a Prophet of the Sword; Anecdotes of Christians Living under Islam4 On Those Who Converted to Islam in Fear of the Sword5 On Musaylima the False Prophet and al-ʿAnsī6 On Muḥammad’s Claim of How the Revelation Came to Him7 On the Meaning of the Qurʾan: Different Texts and Readings (qirāʾāt) of the Qurʾan8 On What Muslims Have Lost from the Qurʾan9 On Their Agreement about Marwān Ibn al-Ḥakam’s Version10 On the Authority of Interpreting the Qurʾan11 On Inconsistencies and Repetitions in the Qurʾan12 On the Subject of Mary the Copt13 On Sexual Themes in the Qurʾan14 On the Zayd Scandal15 On the Repetition of Passages in the Qurʾan Taken from the Torah, Psalms, and Gospel16 On the Inimitability of the Qurʾan17 On the Audience for the Qurʾan and the Bible as a Source18 On Contradictions in the Qurʾan19 A Refutation of Muḥammad’s Alleged Favor over Other Prophets20 A Refutation of Muḥammad’s Never Disbelieving or Worshipping Idols21 A Refutation of Equating Jesus with Adam (Q 3:59)22 A Response on the Anthropomorphizing of God in Christianity and the Qurʾan23 A Response on the Union of Jesus Christ at the Incarnation24 A Response on the Crucifixion of Christ (Q 4:157)25 On the Destruction of the Kaʿba26 On the Black Stone27 On the Pilgrimage to Mecca28 On the Sacrifice of Cattle and Camels29 On Contradictions in the Qurʾan and Oral Traditions30 On Marriage and Divorce in the Qurʾan; On Muḥammad’s Night Journey31 Conclusion: Closing Exhortation32 Appendix: Additional Contradictions in the QurʾanBibliographyIndex of The Truthful ExposerIndex of Biblical and Qurʾanic CitationsIndex of People, Places, and Subjects