British Representations of the Armenian Genocide, 1915-23

Peter Morgan is an education officer at the Wiener Holocaust Library, and he was a secondary school history teacher for 21 years. His research interests include modern genocide. In 2020, he contributed a chapter to a collection on communication in the First World War.

• 1. British Representations of the Armenian Genocide During the First World War Alongside German ‘Frightfulness’ 2. British Representations of an Idealised Armenian Peasantry Living in a Rural Idyll and its Despoliation by the ‘Turk’ 3. Biomedical Language and Scientific Rationales in British Representations of the Armenian Genocide 4. British Representations of the Armenian Massacres and Deportations as a Process of Systematic Extermination

“In casting a critical light on how British representations of mass killings of Ottoman Armenians shifted from lurid atrocity stories to an awareness of systematic extermination, Peter Morgan demonstrates how a modern articulation of genocide was already set down and widely understood a world war before the term had been invented. The great strength of Morgan’s study is in the rigorously contextual way he throws the spotlight back on the British themselves, thereby suggesting a more complex picture of self-distancing from continental or ‘Oriental’ ‘frightfulness’, yet belied by a closeness to the causes of that violence than their proclaimed humanitarianism would wish to admit. A coruscating study of value to anybody trying to understand the origins of the intimate relationship between modernity and mass murder.”Mark Levene, University of Southampton, author of ‘The Crisis of Genocide, The European Rimlands, 1912-1953’“Peter Morgan’s readable and insightful analysis of British responses to and understanding of the Armenian Genocide fills an historiographical gap. While the literature on British responses to the Holocaust is plentiful, there is very little written about perceptions of other genocides. What Morgan reveals is that undoubted concern at exterminatory violence was itself filtered through orientalist understandings of both Turkish and Armenian populations, and indeed racialised perceptions of the British themselves. As such, exterminatory violence, and the way in which it was represented, could both be underpinned by a racialised assumptions. Such important conclusions have implications for how we understand the British relationship with genocidal violence more generally, in that we can see in Morgan’s work the way in which British public and political discourse helped shape a racialised view of the world.”Tom Lawson, University of Northumbria, author of ‘The Last Man: A British Genocide in Tasmania’“Peter Morgan has made a major contribution to the historiography of the Armenian Genocide by focusing on the attitudes of the most powerful imperial nation of the time. Great Britain framed its understanding of the atrocities in the Ottoman Empire from its own representation of itself, its war efforts, and the German actions closer to home in Belgium. In the context of total war what appeared anomalous, mass killing of civilians, became a new normal. This work shows that Great Powers contributed as much to the horrors in their inter-imperial wars, even as they self-righteously condemned what the other side was doing. Morgan's account is largely about the British but resonates beyond the members of any one country.”Ronald Grigor Suny, William H. Sewell, Jr. Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of History and Political Science, The University of Michigan, Emeritus Professor of Political Science and History, The University of Chicago