British Fortifications, 1485-1945

Historian, writer and illustrator Jean-Denis G.G. Lepage is the author of numerous books. His interests include World War II and medieval and French history. He lives in Groningen, Netherlands.

• Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart 1: Tudor FortificationsHistorical Background, 1485–1603Residential PalacesHenry VIII’s Coastal FortsThe Elizabethan Era (1558–1603)Bastion FortificationsEarly Bastioned Fortifications in EnglandPart 2: Bastioned Fortifications in the 17th and 18th CenturiesThe English Civil WarFortifications During the English Civil WarsAnglo-Dutch WarsWars Against Louis XIV’s FranceJacobite RebellionBritish Fortifications in North AmericaAmerican War of IndependenceBritish Fortifications in the West IndiesBritish Fortifications in India and AsiaPart 3: British Fortifications During the Napoleonic EraNapoleonic WarsMartello TowersCoastal FortsDover Western HeightsChatham Dockyard DefensesThe Royal Military CanalThe Lines of Torres VedrasPart 4: Fortifications in Britain in the 19th CenturyBritain in the 19th CenturyPolygonal FortificationPalmerston FortsSea FortsDefense of Dover­Ferro-Concrete FortificationDefense of LondonPart 5: Fortifications in the British Empire in the 19th CenturyColonialismThe British EmpireColonial FortificationsBritish Fortifications in CanadaBritish Fortifications in GibraltarBritish Fortifications in MaltaBritish Fortifications in IndiaBritish Fortifications in New Zealand and AustraliaBritish Fortifications in South AfricaBritish Fortifications in the Boer WarsPart 6: British Fortifications in World War IThe First Phase of the WarTrench WarfareTactics and WeaponsAllied VictoryPart 7: British Fortifications in World War IIEvolution of Fortifications in the InterwarOperation Sea LionAnti–Invasion PreparationsCoastal DefensesInland FortificationsFW3 PillboxesObstaclesSea FortsChurchill’s Command BunkerEvaluationGerman Fortifications in the Channel IslandsOther Theaters of OperationConclusion British Fortifications TodayAppendices1. British Kings and Queens, 1485–20222. British Prime Ministers, 1721–1945BibliographyIndex