British Courts and Extra-territoriality in Japan, 1859-1899

Christopher Roberts, Ph.D. (2010), School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, is a British lawyer who formerly practiced law in Japan. He now researches, and writes upon, the work of the British Courts, Judges and Lawyers in Treaty Port Japan of the nineteenth century.

"... After Japan opened up to the rest of the world in the 1850s after years of isolation, hundreds of British traders and sailors came to live in the country and became the largest Western expatriate community. But while Britain was happy to trade with Japan, it felt uneasy about the country’s legal system, which was considered rudimentary, patchy and unable to guarantee Britons a fair trial. As a result, London insisted upon setting up its own extra-territorial courts to exclusively hear criminal and civil cases involving Britons. Western nations set up similar courts in other parts of Asia as well. Retired lawyer Christopher Roberts has spent the past six years examining these little-known courts and has just published a book on the subject..." – William Hollingworth, in: The Japan Times ONLINE, (28 October, 2013) [Full review]