Kiyoshi Hirowatari teaches History of International Trade, International Finance and Globalization at Hirao School of Management, Konan University, Japan. He studied at both Kyoto and Cambridge Universities, obtaining a PhD in History from Cambridge University. He is a Research Associate at the Centre for Financial History at Darwin College, Cambridge and a member of the Economic and Social History University academic staff. He is a member of the Socio-Economic History Society of Japan, and has held professional positions at the Bank of Tokyo. Kiyoshi Hirowatari's research interests lie in monetary diplomacy between Britain and Europe.