John Hyland is Professor of History at Christopher Newport University. His other books include Persian Interventions: the Achaemenid Empire, Athens, and Sparta 450-386 BCE (Johns Hopkins, 2018) and Persia’s Greek Campaigns (Oxford, forthcoming). Khodadad Rezakhani is a Lecturer at Leiden University and leads the Gerda Henkel Stiftung project, A City of Many Cities: Ctesiphon and Baghdad. His books include ReOrienting the Sasanians (Edinburgh, 2017) and Creating the Silk Road: Travel, Trade and Myth-Making (I.B. Tauris/Bloomsbury, forthcoming).Contributors are: Javier Álvarez-Mon, Daniel Beckman, Henning Börm, Omar Coloru, Touraj Daryaee, Jenn Finn, Leonardo Gregoratti, Robert Haug, Waldemar Heckel, John Hyland, Katarzyna Maksymiuk, Craig Morley, Jake Nabel, Nikolaus Overtoom, Reinhard Pirngruber, Khodadad Rezakhani, Jeffrey Rop, Eduard Rung, Patryk Skupniewicz, Yasmina Wicks.

• PrefaceList of Figures and MapsNotes on Names and AbbreviationsNotes on Contributors1 War and Peace in Ancient Iran: Ideologies, Structures, and PracticeJohn Hyland and Khodadad Rezakhani2 Like a Raining Cloud: Archery as the Pillar of Elamite WarfareJavier Álvarez-Mon and Yasmina Wicks3 War and Ideology in Achaemenid PersiaEduard Rung4 The Grand Strategy of Achaemenid Persia, 539–331 BCEJenn Finn5 The Achaemenid Military System and Its Campaign LogisticsJohn Hyland6 The Persian Way of War: Infantry Tactics in the Achaemenid EmpireJeffrey Rop7 Achaemenid Diplomacy in Historical PerspectiveDaniel Beckman8 Impact of Empire: Aspects of Warfare in Babylonia, Achaemenid to Parthian PeriodsReinhard Pirngruber9 Alexander and the Iranian Satraps in War and PeaceWaldemar Heckel10 The Military Organisation of the Upper Satrapies Under the SeleucidsOmar Coloru11 Patricide, Fratricide, and Betrayal: the Role of Parthia in the First War with RomeNikolaus Overtoom12 The Arsacids vs. Rome (First to Third Centuries CE): Observations on Parthian Tactics and WarfareLeonardo Gregoratti13 Parthia, Rome, and the Horizons of Ancient DiplomacyJake Nabel14 Early Sasanian Expansion and Military InstitutionsKatarzyna Maksymiuk15 Cavalry Arms and Armour from the Achaemenids to the Sasanians: Iconography and Methods of ReconstructionPatryk Skupniewicz and Katarzyna Maksymiuk16 Peroz and the Hephthalites … and the Kidarites, Alkhans, and Sasanians: Warfare, Diplomacy, and the Complexity of the Sasanian East in the Fifth CenturyRobert Haug17 Persian-Roman Diplomacy in the Fifth CenturyCraig Morley18 Kavad I, Khosrow I, and the Wars with the Roman EmpireHenning Börm19 The First Great War of the Middle Ages: the Sasanian Conquest of the Eastern Mediterranean (602–630 CE) as a Background to the Islamic FutūḥātKhodadad Rezakhani20 Epilogue: the Evolution of the Ancient Iranian ArmyTouraj DaryaeeIndex