Boundary Conditions in Electromagnetics

Ismo V. Lindell, PhD, is Professor Emeritus at Aalto University, Finland. He is recipient of the S.A. Schelkunoff prize, the Maxwell prize, the van der Pol Gold Medal, and is author of Multiforms, Dyadics, and Electromagnetic Media, Differential Forms in Electromagnetics, and Methods for Electromagnetic Field Analysis.Ari Sihvola, PhD, is Professor of Electromagnetics at the Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering, Finland. He was previously a visiting engineer at MIT, visiting scientist at Pennsylvania State University, and visiting professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and the University of Paris.

• Preface ix1 Introduction 11.1 Basic Equations 11.2 Duality Transformation 31.3 Plane Waves 51.4 TE/TM Decomposition 81.5 Problems 102 Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor Boundary 112.1 PEMC Conditions 112.2 Eigenproblem of Dyadic Jt 122.3 Reflection from PEMC Boundary 142.4 Polarization Rotation 172.5 Point Source and PEMC Plane 182.6 Waveguide with PEMC Walls 202.7 Parallel-Plate PEMC Resonator 222.8 Modeling Small PEMC Particles 242.9 Problems 293 Impedance Boundary 333.1 Basic Conditions 333.2 Subclasses of Impedance Boundaries 363.3 Reflection from Impedance Boundary 383.4 Matched Waves 403.5 Simple-Isotropic Impedance Boundary 413.6 General Isotropic Boundary 483.7 Perfectly Anisotropic Boundary 523.8 Generalized Soft-and-Hard (GSH) Boundary 553.9 Duality Transformation of Impedance Boundaries 623.10 Realization of Impedance Boundaries 643.11 Problems 674 DB Boundary 714.1 Boundary Conditions Involving Normal Field Components 714.2 Reflection from DB Boundary 724.3 Realization of DB Boundary 754.4 Spherical DB Resonator 814.5 Circular DB Waveguide 844.6 D’B’ Boundary 924.7 Mixed-Impedance (DB/D’B’) Boundary 964.8 Problems 985 General Boundary Conditions 1015.1 Electromagnetic Sheet as Boundary Surface 1015.2 General Boundary Conditions (GBC) 1025.3 Decomposition of Plane Waves 1045.4 Reflection from GBC Boundary 1065.5 Matched Waves 1085.6 Eigenwaves 1105.7 Duality Transformation 1125.8 Soft-and-Hard/DB (SHDB) Boundary 1135.9 Generalized Soft-and-Hard/DB (GSHDB) Boundary 1225.10 GBC Boundaries with PEC/PMC Equivalence 1275.11 Some Special GBC Boundaries 1285.12 Summary of GBC Conditions 1335.13 Reciprocity of GBC Boundaries 1345.14 Realization of the GBC Boundary 1395.15 Problems 1406 Sesquilinear Boundary Conditions 1436.1 Isotropic and Anisotropic SQL Boundaries 1446.2 Reflection from Isotropic SQL Boundary 1456.3 Eigenfields 1496.4 Power Balance 1516.5 Image theory 1536.6 Problems 1557 Scattering by Objects Defined by Boundary Conditions 1577.1 Cross Sections and Efficiencies 1577.2 PEC, PMC, and PEMC Objects 1597.3 DB and D’B’-Boundary Objects 1657.4 Impedance-Boundary Objects 1697.5 Problems 176A Electromagnetic Formulas 179B Dyadics 183C Four-Dimensional Formalism 189D Solutions to Problems 197References 247Index 256