Blockchain and Deep Learning for Smart Healthcare

Akansha Singh, PhD, is an associate professor in the School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India. Dr. Singh has acquired a BTech, MTech, and PhD (IIT Roorkee) in the area of neural networks and remote sensing. She has to her credit more than 70 research papers, 20 books, and numerous conference papers. She has also national and international patents in the field of machine learning. Her area of interest includes mobile computing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and digital image processing.Anuradha Dhull, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science Engineering, The NorthCap University, Gurugram, India. She has published more than 30 research papers in the area of data mining and machine learning. Dr. Anuradha has acquired a BTech, MTech, and PhD in the area of medical diagnosis and machine learning. Krishna Kant Singh, PhD, is a professor at the Delhi Technical Campus, Greater Noida, India. Dr. Singh has acquired a BTech, MTech, and PhD (IIT Roorkee) in the area of deep learning and remote sensing. He has authored more than 80 technical books and research papers in international conferences and SCIE journals of repute.

• Preface xvPart 1: Blockchain Fundamentals and Applications 11 Blockchain Technology: Concepts and Applications 3Hermehar Pal Singh Bedi, Valentina E. Balas, Sukhpreet Kaur and Rubal Jeet1.1 Introduction 31.2 Blockchain Types 41.3 Consensus 81.4 How Does Blockchain Work? 101.5 Need of Blockchain 121.6 Uses of Blockchain 121.7 Evolution of Blockchain 141.8 Blockchain in Ethereum 171.9 Advantages of Smart Contracts 211.10 Use Cases of Smart Contracts 211.11 Real-Life Example of Smart Contracts 221.12 Blockchain in Decentralized Applications 221.13 Decentraland 251.14 Challenges Faced by Blockchain 271.15 Weaknesses of Blockchain 291.16 Future of Blockchain 301.17 Conclusion 312 Blockchain with Federated Learning for Secure Healthcare Applications 35Akansha Singh and Krishna Kant Singh2.1 Introduction 362.2 Federated Learning 362.3 Motivation 372.4 Federated Machine Learning 382.5 Federated Learning Frameworks 392.6 FL Perspective for Blockchain and IoT 392.7 Federated Learning Applications 412.8 Limitations 423 Futuristic Challenges in Blockchain Technologies 45Arun Kumar Singh, Sandeep Saxena, Ashish Tripathi, Arjun Singh and Shrikant Tiwari3.1 Introduction 463.2 Blockchain 473.3 Issues and Challenges with Blockchain 533.4 Internet of Things (IoT) 583.5 Background of IoT 593.6 Conclusion 674 AIML-Based Blockchain Solutions for IoMT 73Rishita Khurana, Manika Choudhary, Akansha Singh and Krishna Kant Singh4.1 Introduction 744.2 Objective and Contribution 754.3 Security Challenges in Different Domains 764.4 Healthcare 774.5 Agriculture 774.6 Transportation 784.7 Smart Grid 784.8 Smart City 784.9 Smart Home 794.10 Communication 794.11 Security Attacks in IoT 814.12 Solutions for Addressing Security Using Machine Learning 834.13 Solutions for Addressing Security Using Artificial Intelligence 834.14 Solutions for Addressing Security Using Blockchain 864.15 Summary 884.16 Critical Analysis 894.17 Conclusion 895 A Blockchain-Based Solution for Enhancing Security and Privacy in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Used in e-Healthcare 95Meenakshi and Preeti Sharma5.1 Introduction: E-Health and Medical Services 965.2 Literature Review 985.3 Architecture of Blockchain-Enabled IoMT 1015.4 Proposed Methodology 1045.5 Conclusion and Future Work 1086 A Review on the Role of Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Domain 113Aryan Dahiya, Anuradha, Shilpa Mahajan and Swati Gupta6.1 Introduction 1136.2 Systematic Literature Methodology 1196.3 Applications of Blockchain in the Healthcare Domain 1226.4 Blockchain Challenges 1366.5 Future Research Directions and Perspectives 1396.6 Implications and Conclusion 1407 Blockchain in Healthcare: Use Cases 147Utsav Sharma, Aditi Ganapathi, Akansha Singh and Krishna Kant Singh7.1 Introduction 1477.2 Challenges Faced in the Healthcare Sector 1497.3 Use Cases of Blockchains in the Healthcare Sector 1507.4 What is Medicalchain? 1597.5 Implementing Blockchain in SCM 1657.6 Why Use Blockchain in SCM 167Part 2: Smart Healthcare 1718 Potential of Blockchain Technology in Healthcare, Finance, and IoT: Past, Present, and Future 173Chetna Tiwari and Anuradha8.1 Introduction 1738.2 Types of Blockchain 1758.3 Literature Review 1778.4 Methodology and Data Sources 1888.5 The Application of Blockchain Technology Across Various Industries 1898.6 Conclusion 1999 AI-Enabled Techniques for Intelligent Transportation System for Smarter Use of the Transport Network for Healthcare Services 205Meenakshi and Preeti Sharma9.1 Introduction 2069.2 Artificial Intelligence 2089.3 Artificial Intelligence: Transport System and Healthcare 2099.4 Artificial Intelligence Algorithms 2119.5 AI Workflow 2159.6 AI for ITS and e-Healthcare Tasks 2169.7 Intelligent Transportation, Healthcare, and IoT 2189.8 AI Techniques Used in ITS and e-Healthcare 2219.9 Challenges of AI and ML in ITS and e-Healthcare 2239.10 Conclusions 22510 Classification of Dementia Using Statistical First-Order and Second-Order Features 235Deepika Bansal and Rita Chhikara10.1 Introduction 23610.2 Materials and Methods 23810.3 Proposed Framework 23910.4 Experimental Results and Discussion 24710.5 Conclusion 25111 Pulmonary Embolism Detection Using Machine and Deep Learning Techniques 257Renu Vadhera, Meghna Sharma and Priyanka Vashisht11.1 Introduction 25711.2 The State-of-the-Art of PE Detection Models 26011.3 Literature Survey 26111.4 Publications Analysis 27011.5 Conclusion 27012 Computer Vision Techniques for Smart Healthcare Infrastructure 277Reshu Agarwal12.1 Introduction 27812.2 Literature Survey 28012.3 Proposed Idea 30812.4 Results 31612.5 Conclusion 31713 Energy-Efficient Fog-Assisted System for Monitoring Diabetic Patients with Cardiovascular Disease 323Rishita Khurana, Manika Choudhary, Akansha Singh and Krishna Kant Singh13.1 Introduction 32413.2 Literature Review 32613.3 Architectural Design of the Proposed Framework 32813.4 Fog Services 33013.5 Smart Gateway and Fog Services Implementation 33713.6 Cloud Servers 33813.7 Experimental Results 33913.8 Future Directions 34513.9 Conclusion 35014 Medical Appliances Energy Consumption Prediction Using Various Machine Learning Algorithms 353Kaustubh Pagar, Tarun Jain, Horesh Kumar, Aditya Bhardwaj and Rohit Handa14.1 Introduction 35414.2 Literature Review 35514.3 Methodology 35614.4 Machine Learning Algorithms Used 36414.5 Results and Analysis 36814.6 Model Analysis 36914.7 Conclusion and Future Work 374Part 3: Future of Blockchain and Deep Learning 37915 Deep Learning-Based Smart e-Healthcare for Critical Babies in Hospitals 381Ritam Dutta15.1 Introduction 38215.2 Literature Survey 38315.3 Evaluation Criteria 39215.4 Results 39315.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 39416 An Improved Random Forest Feature Selection Method for Predicting the Patient’s Characteristics 399K. Indhumathi and K. Sathesh Kumar16.1 Introduction 40016.2 Literature Survey 40216.3 Dataset 40316.4 Data Analysis 40616.5 Data Pre-Processing 40716.6 Feature Selection Methods 40816.7 Variable Importance by Machine Learning Methods 41416.8 Random Forest Feature Selection 41516.9 Proposed Methodology 41816.10 Results and Discussion 42016.11 Conclusion 42117 Blockchain and Deep Learning: Research Challenges, Open Problems, and Future 425Akansha Singh and Krishna Kant Singh17.1 Introduction 42617.2 Research Challenges 42717.3 Open Problems 42817.4 Future Possibilities 42917.5 Conclusion 430References 431Index 433