The late John T. McCartney was Assistant Professor of Government at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania.

• PrefaceAcknowledgments1. The Background to Black PowerImbalances and Injustices Against African-Americans • Theories About Why Inequality Persists • The Context of Black Protest2. Black Nationalist Thought in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth CenturiesThe Colonization Movement: A Profile • Reactions to and Criticisms of Colonization • The Ideology of the Colonization Movement • The Tactics of the Pan-Negro Nationalists • Pan-Negro Nationalism and Beyond3. The Abolitionist MovementEarly Abolitionism, 1645 to 1807 • Abolitionism from 1807 to 1870 • The Ideology of the Abolitionist Movement • Frederick Douglass: A Profile • The Political Thought of Frederick Douglass • The Tactics of the Abolitionists • Abolitionism and Beyond4. The Politics of AccommodationBooker T. Washington: A Profile • Booker T. Washington's Philosophy of Education • The Social and Political Thought of Booker T. Washington • The Tactics of Booker T. Washington • Opposition to Booker T. Washington5. Marcus Garvey and the Resurgence of Black NationalismRacial Equality by Integration: A Survey • Garvey's Early Career • Garvey's Later Career and the Garvey Movement • The Political Thought of Garvey • Garvey's Organization and Tactics • Minor Expressions of Black Nationalism6. Martin Luther King and MoralismThe Moralist Approach: A Profile • King's Background and Intellectual Influences • King's Philosophy of Nonviolence • The Political Thought of King • King's Tactics • King and the Black Power Challenge7. What Is Black Power?The Range of Usages of the Term Black Power • Reshaping the Categories of Black Power • Commonalities in the Usage of Black Power • Martin Luther King, Jr., and Black Power8. The Counter-Communalists: A Comparison and AnalysisHuey Newton's Background and Intellectual Influences • The Political Thought of Huey Newton • Huey Newton and the Tactics of Counter-Communalism • Other Counter-Communalists on Tactics9. The Black Power Pluralists: A Comparison and AnalysisShirley Chisholm's Background and Intellectual Influences • The Political Thought of Shirley Chisholm • Other Pluralists on the American System • Shirley Chisholm on the Obstacles to True Pluralism in the United States • Other Pluralists on the Obstacles to Democracy • Shirley Chisholm and the Case for Black Power Pluralism • Other Pluralist Visions of the Good Society • The Tactics of Pluralism10. The Black Power Separatists: A Comparison and AnalysisElijah Muhammad's Background and Career • The Political Theology of Elijah Muhammad • Elements of Elijah Muhammad's Political Theory • The Tactics of Separatism: The Black Muslims • Other Separatists on Tactics: Imamu Baraka and Imari Obadele I11. A Critical Assessment of the Black Power IdeologiesThe Paradoxes in the Goals of the Black Power Ideologies • Malcolm X and the Dilemmas of Black Power • The Life of Malcolm X and Its Meaning for the Black Power Movement • Black Power and Individualism • Black Power and the Intellectual • Permanent Contributions of the Black Power IdeologiesNotesBibliographyIndex

"An important study of the history of Black Power ideologies.... This thoughtful, provocative, and well-argued work is clearly written and will make a contribution to Black and American intellectual history."-Darlene Clark Hine, Michigan State University "...deeply enrich[es] American historiography and take[s it]s place as part of what can be called a renaissance of interest in the study of African-American history."-In These Times"Black Power Ideologies is a significant contribution to scholarship, for while there are hundreds of books on Black Power, this work takes the concept from the colonial era to the 1960s, and provides an accompanying political analysis to its historical development. McCartney's treatment of Black Power thought in the 18th Century is at once illuminating and path-breaking; no author has as yet extended the concept of Black Power beyond the 19th Century. This is must reading for those who wish to observe Black abolitionists and colonizers in a new and fascinating perspective."-John C. Walter, Director, Afro-American Studies, University of Washington, Seattle

The late John T. McCartney was Assistant Professor of Government at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania.

• PrefaceAcknowledgments1. The Background to Black PowerImbalances and Injustices Against African-Americans • Theories About Why Inequality Persists • The Context of Black Protest2. Black Nationalist Thought in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth CenturiesThe Colonization Movement: A Profile • Reactions to and Criticisms of Colonization • The Ideology of the Colonization Movement • The Tactics of the Pan-Negro Nationalists • Pan-Negro Nationalism and Beyond3. The Abolitionist MovementEarly Abolitionism, 1645 to 1807 • Abolitionism from 1807 to 1870 • The Ideology of the Abolitionist Movement • Frederick Douglass: A Profile • The Political Thought of Frederick Douglass • The Tactics of the Abolitionists • Abolitionism and Beyond4. The Politics of AccommodationBooker T. Washington: A Profile • Booker T. Washington's Philosophy of Education • The Social and Political Thought of Booker T. Washington • The Tactics of Booker T. Washington • Opposition to Booker T. Washington5. Marcus Garvey and the Resurgence of Black NationalismRacial Equality by Integration: A Survey • Garvey's Early Career • Garvey's Later Career and the Garvey Movement • The Political Thought of Garvey • Garvey's Organization and Tactics • Minor Expressions of Black Nationalism6. Martin Luther King and MoralismThe Moralist Approach: A Profile • King's Background and Intellectual Influences • King's Philosophy of Nonviolence • The Political Thought of King • King's Tactics • King and the Black Power Challenge7. What Is Black Power?The Range of Usages of the Term Black Power • Reshaping the Categories of Black Power • Commonalities in the Usage of Black Power • Martin Luther King, Jr., and Black Power8. The Counter-Communalists: A Comparison and AnalysisHuey Newton's Background and Intellectual Influences • The Political Thought of Huey Newton • Huey Newton and the Tactics of Counter-Communalism • Other Counter-Communalists on Tactics9. The Black Power Pluralists: A Comparison and AnalysisShirley Chisholm's Background and Intellectual Influences • The Political Thought of Shirley Chisholm • Other Pluralists on the American System • Shirley Chisholm on the Obstacles to True Pluralism in the United States • Other Pluralists on the Obstacles to Democracy • Shirley Chisholm and the Case for Black Power Pluralism • Other Pluralist Visions of the Good Society • The Tactics of Pluralism10. The Black Power Separatists: A Comparison and AnalysisElijah Muhammad's Background and Career • The Political Theology of Elijah Muhammad • Elements of Elijah Muhammad's Political Theory • The Tactics of Separatism: The Black Muslims • Other Separatists on Tactics: Imamu Baraka and Imari Obadele I11. A Critical Assessment of the Black Power IdeologiesThe Paradoxes in the Goals of the Black Power Ideologies • Malcolm X and the Dilemmas of Black Power • The Life of Malcolm X and Its Meaning for the Black Power Movement • Black Power and Individualism • Black Power and the Intellectual • Permanent Contributions of the Black Power IdeologiesNotesBibliographyIndex

"An important study of the history of Black Power ideologies.... This thoughtful, provocative, and well-argued work is clearly written and will make a contribution to Black and American intellectual history."-Darlene Clark Hine, Michigan State University "...deeply enrich[es] American historiography and take[s it]s place as part of what can be called a renaissance of interest in the study of African-American history."-In These Times"Black Power Ideologies is a significant contribution to scholarship, for while there are hundreds of books on Black Power, this work takes the concept from the colonial era to the 1960s, and provides an accompanying political analysis to its historical development. McCartney's treatment of Black Power thought in the 18th Century is at once illuminating and path-breaking; no author has as yet extended the concept of Black Power beyond the 19th Century. This is must reading for those who wish to observe Black abolitionists and colonizers in a new and fascinating perspective."-John C. Walter, Director, Afro-American Studies, University of Washington, Seattle

The late John T. McCartney was Assistant Professor of Government at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania.

• PrefaceAcknowledgments1. The Background to Black PowerImbalances and Injustices Against African-Americans • Theories About Why Inequality Persists • The Context of Black Protest2. Black Nationalist Thought in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth CenturiesThe Colonization Movement: A Profile • Reactions to and Criticisms of Colonization • The Ideology of the Colonization Movement • The Tactics of the Pan-Negro Nationalists • Pan-Negro Nationalism and Beyond3. The Abolitionist MovementEarly Abolitionism, 1645 to 1807 • Abolitionism from 1807 to 1870 • The Ideology of the Abolitionist Movement • Frederick Douglass: A Profile • The Political Thought of Frederick Douglass • The Tactics of the Abolitionists • Abolitionism and Beyond4. The Politics of AccommodationBooker T. Washington: A Profile • Booker T. Washington's Philosophy of Education • The Social and Political Thought of Booker T. Washington • The Tactics of Booker T. Washington • Opposition to Booker T. Washington5. Marcus Garvey and the Resurgence of Black NationalismRacial Equality by Integration: A Survey • Garvey's Early Career • Garvey's Later Career and the Garvey Movement • The Political Thought of Garvey • Garvey's Organization and Tactics • Minor Expressions of Black Nationalism6. Martin Luther King and MoralismThe Moralist Approach: A Profile • King's Background and Intellectual Influences • King's Philosophy of Nonviolence • The Political Thought of King • King's Tactics • King and the Black Power Challenge7. What Is Black Power?The Range of Usages of the Term Black Power • Reshaping the Categories of Black Power • Commonalities in the Usage of Black Power • Martin Luther King, Jr., and Black Power8. The Counter-Communalists: A Comparison and AnalysisHuey Newton's Background and Intellectual Influences • The Political Thought of Huey Newton • Huey Newton and the Tactics of Counter-Communalism • Other Counter-Communalists on Tactics9. The Black Power Pluralists: A Comparison and AnalysisShirley Chisholm's Background and Intellectual Influences • The Political Thought of Shirley Chisholm • Other Pluralists on the American System • Shirley Chisholm on the Obstacles to True Pluralism in the United States • Other Pluralists on the Obstacles to Democracy • Shirley Chisholm and the Case for Black Power Pluralism • Other Pluralist Visions of the Good Society • The Tactics of Pluralism10. The Black Power Separatists: A Comparison and AnalysisElijah Muhammad's Background and Career • The Political Theology of Elijah Muhammad • Elements of Elijah Muhammad's Political Theory • The Tactics of Separatism: The Black Muslims • Other Separatists on Tactics: Imamu Baraka and Imari Obadele I11. A Critical Assessment of the Black Power IdeologiesThe Paradoxes in the Goals of the Black Power Ideologies • Malcolm X and the Dilemmas of Black Power • The Life of Malcolm X and Its Meaning for the Black Power Movement • Black Power and Individualism • Black Power and the Intellectual • Permanent Contributions of the Black Power IdeologiesNotesBibliographyIndex

"An important study of the history of Black Power ideologies.... This thoughtful, provocative, and well-argued work is clearly written and will make a contribution to Black and American intellectual history."-Darlene Clark Hine, Michigan State University "...deeply enrich[es] American historiography and take[s it]s place as part of what can be called a renaissance of interest in the study of African-American history."-In These Times"Black Power Ideologies is a significant contribution to scholarship, for while there are hundreds of books on Black Power, this work takes the concept from the colonial era to the 1960s, and provides an accompanying political analysis to its historical development. McCartney's treatment of Black Power thought in the 18th Century is at once illuminating and path-breaking; no author has as yet extended the concept of Black Power beyond the 19th Century. This is must reading for those who wish to observe Black abolitionists and colonizers in a new and fascinating perspective."-John C. Walter, Director, Afro-American Studies, University of Washington, Seattle