SHANG-TIAN YANG, PhD, is Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at The Ohio State University as well as Director of the Ohio Bioprocessing Research Consortium. Cofounder of two biotechnology startup companies, Dr. Yang has conducted research in bioprocess engineering, fermentation, biocatalysis, cell and tissue engineering, metabolic engineering, and functional genomics.HESHAM A. EL-ENSHASY, PhD, is Professor of Bioprocess Engineering and is Assistant Director for Research and Innovation for the Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD) at Universiti Tecknologi Malaysia. Dr. El-Enshasy is also Professor at City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Egypt.NUTTHA THONGCHUL, PhD, is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering and Adjunct Professor in the Biotechnology Program at Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.

• Preface xviiContributors xix1 Integrated Biorefi nery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers 1Shang-Tian Yang and Mingrui Yu2 The Outlook of Sugar and Starch Crops in Biorefinery 27Klanarong Sriroth and Kuakoon Piyachomkwan3 Novel and Traditional Oil Crops and Their Biorefinery Potential 47Johann Vollmann and Margit Laimer4 Energy Crops 61Walter Zegada-Lizarazu and Andrea Monti5 Microalgae as Feedstock for Biofuels and Biochemicals 79Dong Wei6 Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass 91Tae Hyun Kim7 Amylases: Characteristics, Sources, Production, and Applications 111Hesham A. El-Enshasy, Yasser R. Abdel Fattah, and Nor Zalina Othman8 Cellulases: Characteristics, Sources, Production, and Applications 131Xiao-Zhou Zhang and Yi-Heng Percival Zhang9 Xylanases: Characteristics, Sources, Production, and Applications 147Evangelos Topakas, Gianni Panagiotou, and Paul Christakopoulos10 Lignin-Degrading Enzymes: An Overview 167Rajni Hatti-Kaul and Victor Ibrahim11 Advances in Lignocellulosic Bioethanol 193Reeta Rani Singhania, Parameswaran Binod, and Ashok Pandey12 Biodiesel Properties and Alternative Feedstocks 205Bryan R. Moser13 Biological Production of Butanol and Higher Alcohols 235Jingbo Zhao, Congcong Lu, Chih-Chin Chen, and Shang-Tian Yang14 Advancement of Biohydrogen Production and Its Integration with Fuel Cell Technology 263Jong-Hwan Shin and Tai Hyun Park15 Biogas Technology 279Günter Busch16 Production of Lactic Acid and Polylactic Acid for Industrial Applications 293Nuttha Thongchul17 Production of Succinic Acid from Renewable Resources 317Jongho Yi, Sol Choi, Min-Sun Han, Jeong Wook Lee, and Sang Yup Lee18 Propionic Acid Fermentation 331Zhongqiang Wang, Jianxin Sun, An Zhang, and Shang-Tian Yang19 Anaerobic Fermentations for the Production of Acetic and Butyric Acids 351Shang-Tian Yang, Mingrui Yu, Wei-Lun Chang, and I-Ching Tang20 Production of Citric, Itaconic, Fumaric, and Malic Acids in Filamentous Fungal Fermentations 375Kun Zhang, Baohua Zhang, and Shang-Tian Yang21 Biotechnological Development for the Production of 1,3-Propanediol and 2,3-Butanediol 399Youngsoon Um and Kyung-Duk Kim22 Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Biomass Refining 415Jian Yu23 Microbial Production of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid 427Zhinan Xu, Huili Zhang, Hao Chen, Feng Shi, Jin Huang, Shufang Wang, and Cunjiang Song24 Refining Food Processing By-Products for Value-Added Functional Ingredients 441Kequan Zhou, Yuting Zhou, and Y. Martin LoAbout the Editors 449Index 451

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