Dr. Annu is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea. Besides, she is an honorary assistant professor in the Department of Science and Engineering in Novel Global Community Education Foundation, Australia. She obtained her graduation and post-graduation degree in chemistry from the University of Allahabad and a doctoral degree in chemistry from Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. She has gained further research experience as research associate from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. She has published several scientific research articles in international peer-reviewed journals and many book chapters with publishers of international repute. Her research interests include fabrication and modification of sustainable bionanocomposites, biomaterials, green synthesis of nanoparticles, hybrid nanomaterials, modification in biopolymers and composite nanomaterials for their applications in biomedical, food packaging, nutraceuticals, energy storage devices, biosensors, textiles and environment sustainability.

• Preface xix1 Introduction to Biopolymers 1Gurleen Kaur, Rajinder Kaur and Sukhminderjit Kaur1.1 Introduction 11.2 Classification of Biopolymers 31.3 Commonly Used Biopolymers 31.4 Preparation of Biopolymers 71.5 Commercially Available Biopolymers 91.6 Biomedical Applications of Biopolymers 111.7 Conclusion 202 Biomedical Applications of Chitosan and Its Derivatives 25Hitesh Malhotra and Rupesh K. Gautam2.1 Introduction 252.2 Characteristics of Chitosan 272.3 Application of Chitosan in Biomedicine 302.4 Conclusion 433 Biomedical Applications of Alginates 53Payal Kesharwani, Swapnil Sharma, Vishal Chaudhary, Rajat Goyal and Rupesh K. Gautam3.1 Introduction 543.2 Structure and Characterization 563.3 General Properties of Alginates 573.4 Alginate and Alginate Composites as a Drug Delivery System 603.5 Biomedical Application of Alginates 623.6 Conclusion and Future Prospective of Alginates 744 Biomedical Applications of Cellulose 87Abhishek Kanugo, Pallavi Chaudhari and Rupesh K. Gautam4.1 Introduction 884.2 Structure and Properties of Cellulose 884.3 Types of Cellulose 904.4 Applications of Cellulose 904.5 Applications in Ocular Systems 1084.6 Applications in Skeletal Systems 1114.7 Miscellaneous 1144.8 Conclusion 1145 Biomedical Applications of Starch 129Daud Hussain, Suhail Ayoub Khan, Annu and Tabrez Alam Khan5.1 Introduction 1305.2 Structure and Properties of Starch 1325.3 Modified Starches 1335.4 Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications 1375.5 Starch for Novel Drug Delivery 1385.6 Encapsulants 1395.7 Micro/Nanoparticle Hydrogels 1405.8 Scaffolds for Wound Healing 1405.9 Conclusions 1426 Biomedical Applications of Carrageenan 151Hitesh Chopra and Rupesh K. Gautam6.1 Introduction 1516.2 Structure of Carrageenan 1526.3 Biomedical Applications 1536.4 Toxicity 1636.5 Challenges, Conclusion, and Future Trends 1647 Biomedical Applications of Gums 175Suhail Ahmed, Nagender Singh and Annu7.1 Introduction 1757.2 Physicochemical Properties of Gums 1767.3 Biomedical Applications of Guar Gum 1807.4 Biomedical Applications of Xanthan Gum 1817.5 Biomedical Applications of Gum Arabic 1837.6 Biomedical Applications of Gum Tragacanth 1857.7 Conclusion and Future Perspective 1878 Biomedical Applications of Cyclodextrin 199Iftkhar Ahmad, Abu Taha, Annu, Athar Adil Hashmi and Saiqa Ikram8.1 Introduction 2008.2 Biomedical Applications of Cyclodextrin 2018.3 Future Prospects 2128.4 Conclusion 2139 Biomedical Applications of Dextran 219Sonia Sharma and Jagadeesh Chandra Bose K9.1 Introduction 2199.2 Biomedical Applications of Dextran 2219.3 Conclusion 23810 Biomedical Applications of Pullulan 253Sudipta Roy, Swaraj Biswas, Soumalya Chakraborty, Sanjay Kumar Das and Richita Mondal10.1 Introduction 25410.2 Sources of Pullulan 25510.3 Properties of Pullulan 25610.4 Biomedical Applications 25710.5 Conclusion 27211 Biomedical Applications of Collagen/Gelatin 287Jyoti Sarwan, Jasjeet Narang, Anushka Kumari, Monika Devi, Nazim Uddin, Savita Sharma and Jagadeesh Chandra Bose K11.1 Introduction 28711.2 Structure of Collagen 28911.3 Modification of Collagen 29311.4 Biomedical Applications of Collagen/Gelatin 29611.5 Conclusion 30712 Biomedical Applications of Pectin 315Heenu Sharma, Jyoti Sarwan, Mariyam Chaudhary,Riya Chugh and Jagadeesh Chandra Bose K12.1 Introduction 31512.2 Biomedical Applications of Pectin 31713 Biomedical Applications of Lignin Derived from Bio-Waste Materials 333Nancy George, Anshika Adlakha, Mridula, Pragati Gupta and Abhrajit Debroy13.1 Introduction 33413.2 Structure of Lignin 33513.3 Sources of Lignin 33713.4 Extraction of Lignin 34113.5 Properties of Lignin for Biomedical Applications 34613.6 Biomedical Applications of Lignin 34913.7 Therapeutic Applications of Lignin 35413.8 Feasibilities, Challenges, and Prospects 36013.9 Conclusion 36114 Biomedical Applications of Polycaprolactone 373Anindita Ray (Chakravarti) and Annu14.1 Introduction 37314.2 Structure of PCL 37414.3 Characteristic Properties of PCL 37514.4 Synthesis 37614.5 Modifications of PCL 37814.6 Biomedical Applications of PCL 38014.7 Current Challenges 38614.8 Conclusion 38615 Biopolymers for Wound Healing Applications 393Hitesh Chopra15.1 Introduction 39315.2 Wound Healing Stages 39415.3 Biopolymers 39615.4 Conclusion and Future Directions 40716 Bioplastics in Medical Devices 417Reshma Soman, Divyanshi Mangla and Annu16.1 Introduction 41716.2 Plastics and Their Environmental Concern 41816.3 Need for Bioplastics 42016.4 Bioplastics 42116.5 Biomedical Applications of Polylactic Acid 42216.6 Biomedical Applications of PLGA 42616.7 PLGA in Bone Tissue Engineering 42616.8 Biomedical Applications of Poly(ԑ-caprolactone) 42916.9 Conclusion 43217 Biopolymers in Biosensors 439Jincymol Kappen, Feba Anna John and Ajith James Jose17.1 What are Biosensors? 43917.2 Biopolymers 44017.3 Conclusion 45018 Biopolymers in Dentistry: A Risk Assessment on Human Health 459Stanley C. Onwubu, Chibuzor Stellamaria Okonkwo, Mokgadi Ursula Makgobole and Phumlane Selby Mdluli18.1 Introduction 45918.2 Biopolymers in Healthcare 46118.3 Classification of Biopolymers 46118.4 Biopolymers Used in Dentistry 46218.5 Risk Assessment of Biopolymers in Dentistry 46718.6 Discussion 46918.7 Conclusion 47119 Progress of Biopolymers in 3D and 4D Printing for Biomedical Applications 479Randeep Singh and Young-Ho Ahn19.1 Introduction 48019.2 Overview on 3D and 4D Printing Technologies 48019.3 4D Printing 48319.4 Overview on Biopolymers for 3D and 4D Printing 48519.5 Stimuli for 4D Transformation 48719.6 Biopolymers Used for 3D and 4D Printing 49019.7 Biomedical Applications of Biopolymers Based 3D- and 4D-Printed Bioconstructs 49119.8 Other Applications 49619.9 Future Perspectives and Conclusion 49820 Future Perspectives of Biopolymers for Biomedical Applications 509Hitesh Chopra, Shivani Sharma, Mohd Shabbir, Annu and Dong-Kil Shin20.1 Introduction 51020.2 Role of Biopolymers in 3D Printing 51120.3 Biopolymers in Recent Intelligent Biomedical Systems 51520.4 Critical Aspects of Biopolymers in Biomedical Applications 52120.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective 521References 522Index 531