Biophysiology of Neurinoma in the Whole Body

A neurinoma, also known as a schwannoma, is a benign, slow-growing tumor arising from Schwann cells, which form the myelin sheath around peripheral, cranial, or spinal nerves. It is encapsulated and typically displaces, rather than infiltrates, the associated nerve. Neurinomas can occur anywhere in the body but are most common in the head, neck, and along spinal nerve roots. Symptoms depend on tumor location and may include pain, sensory loss, weakness, hearing loss, or cranial nerve dysfunction. Imaging, particularly MRI, is crucial for diagnosis, often revealing a well-circumscribed, enhancing mass. Histologically, they show Antoni A and Antoni B areas with Verocay bodies. While malignant transformation is rare, surgical excision is the treatment of choice, aiming to preserve nerve function. In selected cases, stereotactic radiosurgery is used. Prognosis is generally excellent, though recurrence can occur if excision is incomplete. Genetic syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis type 2, may predispose to multiple lesions.