Biomarkers for Cancer Screening, Diagnosis and Targeted Therapeutic Approaches

Paul B. Fisher, MPh, PhD, FNAI, Professor and Chairman, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Director, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine Thelma Newmeyer Corman Chair in Cancer Research in the VCU Massey Cancer Center, VCU, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, and Emeritus Professor, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY. Dr. Fisher is among the top 10% of NIH funded investigators over the past 35-years, published approximately 625 papers and reviews, and has 55 issued patents. He pioneered novel gene/discovery approaches (subtraction hybridization), developed innovative therapeutic approaches (Cancer Terminator Viruses), presented numerous named and distinguished lectures, founded several start-up companies, was Virginia Outstanding Scientist of 2014 and elected to the National Academy of Inventors in 2018. Dr. Fisher is a prominent nationally and internationally recognized cancer research scientist focusing on understanding the molecular and biochemical basis of cancer development and progression to metastasis and using this garnered information to develop innovative approaches for diagnosing and treating cancer. He discovered and patented novel genes and gene promoters relevant to cancer growth control, differentiation and apoptosis. His discoveries include the first cloning of p21 (CDK inhibitor), human polynucleotide phosphorylase, mda-9/syntenin (a pro-metastatic gene), mda-5 and mda-7/IL-24, which has shown promising clinical activity in Phase I/II clinical trials in patients with advanced cancers. Dr. Fisher alsohas a documented track record as a successful seasoned entrepreneur. He was Founder and Director of GenQuest Incorporated, a functional genomics company, which merged with Corixa Corporation in 1998, traded on NASDAQ and was acquired by GlaxoSmithKline in 2006. He discovered the cancer-specific PEG-Prom, which is the core technology of Cancer Targeting Systems (CTS, Inc.), a Virginia/Maryland-based company (at Johns Hopkins Medical Center) focusing on imaging and therapy (“theranostics”) of metastatic cancer (2014) by Drs. Fisher and Martin G. Pomper. He co-founded InVaMet Therapeutics (IVMT) and InterLeukin Combinatorial Therapies (ILCT) with Dr. Webster K. Cavenee (UCSD) (2017/2018). Professor & Chairman, Dept of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology John C. West Chair of Cancer Research, Medical University of South Carolina, USAThe Tew laboratory maintains an interest in using redox pathways as a platform to develop therapeutic strategies through drug discovery/development and biomarker identification. We interrogate how reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) impact cancer cells and develop novel drugs that impact on glutathione based pathways. Our research efforts have been integral to studies that have identified glutathione S-transferases (GST) as important in drug resistance, catalytic detoxification and as arbiters of kinase-mediated cell signaling events. In addition, we have been instrumental in defining how GSTP contributes to the process by which cells respond to ROS by selective addition of glutathione to specific protein clusters, so called S-glutathionylation. Each of these research areas has had broad impact on a number of cancer disciplines. Moreover, we have also been seminally involved in the Phase I to III clinical testing of three oncology drugs, Telcyta, Telintra and NOV-002. Other ongoing translational efforts have produced two ongoing clinical trials to measure the effectiveness of serum S-glutathionylated serine proteinase inhibitors as possible biomarkers for exposure to hydrogen peroxide mouthwashes and radiation.Dr. Umesh Kumar is a Professor in the Department of Biosciences at IMS Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus) and has led the Research Department since 2019. Previously, he served as a Scientific Officer in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Delhi. He earned his Ph.D. in Biomedical Sciences, focusing on "Epigenetic Regulation in Breast Carcinogenesis," from the Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, in 2013. Dr. Kumar's research interests include molecular diagnosis of cervical cancer, molecular epigenetics of breast carcinogenesis, CAR T-cell therapy, and tumor virology. He has published 50 research articles and contributed over 21 book chapters to reputable publishers. He has received multiple grants and has been honored with two Young Scientist Awards and one Senior Scientist Award. Additionally, he reviews for several international journals and serves as a Doctoral Research Committee (DRC) Expert member at various Indian universities.

• 1. Introduction to cancer biomarkers and current researchDeeksha Pal2. Role of Biomarkers for cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatmentPuja Sohal3. Classification of Cancer Biomarkers based on treatment strategiesPramodkumar P. Gupta4. Predictive, Prognosis and Diagnostic Cancer Biomarker in cancer therapeutic approachesProsenjit Mridha5. Biomarkers for targeted therapy and treatment decision-makingManoj Kumar Jana6. Emerging trends in cancer biomarker and their clinical effect on personalized treatmentOluwafemi Adeleke Ojo, Olorunfemi Raphael Molehin, Clinton Ayodeji Akanbi, Adebola Busola Ojo, Julius Oluwafemi OPATOYINBO and Akingbolabo Daniel Ogunlakin7. Recent advances in detection techniques regarding predictive, prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in solid cancers and its future challengesManoj Kumar Jana, Piyal Mukherjee, Suryaprakash Tripathy, Vishnu Swarup, Umesh Kumar, Sudip Das, Anmol Gaur, Manaswini Jagadeb and Neeraj Mohan Gupta8. Recent advances in detection techniques regarding predictive, prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in body fluids and its future challengesSatish Kumar Pandey, Sanjeev Kumar, Lal Chuangsangi and Girish Chandra Mohanta9. Emerging biomarkers for non-invasive cancer diagnosis and treatmentAshish Kumar Vyas10. Biomarkers for Cancer Staging, Prognosis and individualised treatmentGaurav Das, Subhabrata Guha and Jenifer Bhattacharya11. Analysis of cancer biomarkers through estimations of molecular techniquesManish Shukla, Meenakshi Shukla and Jai Chand Patel12. Cancer biomarkers that are currently used in cancer therapy and under evaluations in clinical trialsBimal Prasad Jit13. Future perspectives and challenges for identification and recognition of clinically significant cancer biomarkersShiv Charan