Biological Threats in the Age of Emerging Biotechnology

Building on decades of National Academies' work addressing biological threats domestically and internationally, Biological Threats in the Age of Emerging Biotechnology: A Workshop Series captures critical international dialogue on how to safeguard innovation with rapidly evolving advances in biotechnology. Although biotechnologies are developed for and used in research for many different issues, much of the current biosecurity and biosafety policies and risk assessment frameworks focus on applications of biotechnologies with pathogens and toxins. This workshop series sought to understand relevance of these and related security policies and frameworks for assessing applications of biotechnologies that do not involve pathogens and toxins, and additional information that may be needed to assess risks and benefits of these biotechnology applications.Through four workshops convening experts from India, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, and the United States, this proceeding explores how current policies can be adapted to assess and mitigate dual use risks while preserving the benefits of emerging biotechnology. Using case studies in human health multi-omics, crop improvement, and DNA synthesis screening, participants examined regulatory gaps, data governance challenges, and opportunities for international coordination and responsible innovation.The discussions highlight the importance of balancing risk reduction with scientific progress, strengthening global norms, improving data security and oversight, and fostering collaboration among researchers, industry, and policymakers. The proceedings also offers a timely global perspective on enabling biotechnology to advance safely, securely, and for peaceful purposes while supporting health, sustainability, and economic development worldwide.