Dr. Malay K. Das is a Professor of Pharmaceutics at the Dibrugarh University in India. Dr. Das has been honored with the DBT-Biotechnology Overseas Associateship at the University of South Florida in USA and the DST-UKIERI Research Award in collaboration with the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences at King’s College, London.

• List of Contributors xixPreface xxvii1 Trends in Biogenic Sustainable Nanotechnology 1Taison Jamatia, Malay K. Das, Evarin Debbarma, Rishav Mazumder, Ichu Daule, and Giles Mary Basumatary1.1 Introduction 11.2 Approaches for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials 31.3 Biogenic Synthesis for Sustainable Nanotechnology 61.4 Application of Biogenic Sustainable Nanotechnology 181.5 Conclusion and Future Aspects 22References 232 Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Plant Extract and Green Nanotherapeutics 39L. Ronibala Singha, Punamjyoti Das, Abirami Raja, Pallabi Borah, Rachna Sharma, Rajlakshmi Gogoi, and Malay K. Das2.1 Introduction 392.2 Basic Mechanism Involved in Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Plant Source 422.3 Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Plant Source 422.4 Challenges Associated with Plant Extract-Based Biogenic Nanoparticles 512.5 Clinical Translation of Green Nanotherapeutics 522.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 64References 643 Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Plant Latex and Green Nanotherapeutics 75Bapan Banik, Nikita Dey, Barnali Gogoi, and Malay K. Das3.1 Introduction 753.2 Plants in Nanoparticle Synthesis 763.3 Biogenic Production of Nanoparticles from Plant Components 773.4 Latex as a Source for Nanoparticle Synthesis 823.5 Factors Affecting the Latex-Mediated Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles 843.6 Latex-Mediated Green Nanotherapeutics and Their Applications 863.7 Patents Linked to Latex-Mediated Nanoparticles 873.8 Conclusion and Future Perspective 87Funding 89Conflicts of Interest 89References 894 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Bacteria and Biogenic Sustainable Nanotherapeutics 99Junmoni Nath, Bhanu P. Sahu, and Malay K. Das4.1 Introduction 994.2 Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Synthesis by Bacteria 1004.3 Influence of Environmental Factors 1034.4 Types of Nanoparticles Synthesized by Bacteria 1044.5 Biogenic Nanoparticles in Sustainable Nanotherapeutics and Its Applications 1044.6 Advantages of Bacterial Nanoparticle Synthesis 1124.7 Future Perspectives 1134.8 Conclusion 114References 1145 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Fungi and Biogenic Sustainable Nanotherapeutics 127Jyoti Kumari Mishra, Jack Patgiri, Priyanka Das, Moumita Gope, and Malay K. Das5.1 Introduction 1275.2 Fungi and the Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles 1305.3 Mechanism of Fungi-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis 1305.4 Factors Influencing the Synthesis of Fungi-Mediated Nanoparticles 1345.5 Life Cycle Assessment and Toxicity of Fungal-Derived Nanoparticles 1365.6 Sustainability and Green Chemistry Aspects of Fungi-Mediated Nanoparticles 1385.8 Future Perspective 1405.9 Conclusion 140References 1416 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Microalgae and Biogenic Sustainable Nanotherapeutics 145Ranu Biswas, Md Ahesan Ansari, Arjun Kumar Sen, and Emdad Hossain6.1 About Algae and their Use 1456.2 Spectrum of Algae-Mediated Nanoparticle’s Green Synthesis 1466.3 Pathway of NPs Biosynthesis Mediated by Algae 1476.4 Critical Review on Synthesis of Various NPs Using Various Algae 1496.5 Application of Algae-Based Nanoparticles 1516.6 Algae-Mediated Biogenic Nanotherapeutics: Pre-Clinical and Clinical Evidences 1566.7 Challenges 1586.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 159References 1597 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Actinomycetes and Biogenic Sustainable Nanotherapeutics 165Pratap Kalita, Abhinab Goswami, Malay K. Das, and Lalduhsanga Pachuau7.1 Introduction 1657.2 Biosynthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Actinomycetes 1677.3 Characterization of Actinomycetes-Assisted Nanoparticles 1717.4 Application of Biogenic Nanoparticles 1757.5 Conclusion 185References 1868 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Yeast and Biogenic Sustainable Nanotherapeutics 193Balisa Mosisa Ejeta, Malay K. Das, F. F. Bekere, and O. T. Ayana8.1 Introduction 1938.2 Mechanism of Yeast-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis 1998.3 Characterization of Nanoparticles Synthesized by Yeast 2068.4 Biomedical Applications of Yeast-Synthesized Nanoparticles 2108.5 Clinical Evidences of Biogenic Nanotherapeutics 2148.6 Sustainability and Environmental Impacts 2168.7 Future of Sustainable Biogenic Nanomedicine 2198.8 Future Prospects and Challenges 2198.9 Conclusion 222References 2229 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Viruses and Biogenic Sustainable Nanotherapeutics 227Hemanga Hazarika, Padmanath Pegu, Harshita Krishnatreyya, Naba Jyoti Kalita, and Ratan Chowdhury9.1 Introduction 2279.2 Role of Viruses in NP Synthesis 2309.3 Metal NP Synthesis by Viruses 2349.4 Virus-Derived NPs in Nanomedicine and Nanotherapeutics 2369.5 Sustainable Aspects of Virus-Mediated Biogenic Production of Nanomaterials 2409.6 Challenges and Prospects in Virus-Mediated Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles 2419.7 Conclusion 243References 24310 Synthesis of Biogenic Nanoparticles Using Onion and Biogenic Nanomedicine 255Roohi Kesharwani, Shahnawaz Shameem, and Dilip K. Patel10.1 Introduction 25510.2 Approaches of Nanoparticle Synthesis 25810.3 Mechanism for Synthesis of Onion Extract-Based Nanoparticles 26210.4 Synthesis of Different Types Nanoparticle Containing Onion Extract 26310.5 Conclusion 270References 27011 Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles Using Orange and Green Nanomedicine 277Bhupen Kalita, Malay K. Das, Fazid Ali, Nihalini Kalita, and Md. Latifur Rahman11.1 Introduction 27711.2 Biological Precursors 27911.3 Mechanisms of Biogenic Nanoparticle Formation 28211.4 Orange-Derived Nanoparticles and Their Applications 28411.5 Patents and Commercialization of Orange-Derived Biogenic Nanoparticles 28911.6 Challenges and Limitations in Orange-Mediated Biogenic Nanoparticle Synthesis 29111.7 Research Gaps and Future Perspectives in Green Nanotechnology 29311.8 Future Prospects of Orange-Mediated Green Nanotechnology 29511.9 Conclusion 296Abbreviations 296References 29712 Sustainable Appproaches for the Synthesis of Biogenic Nanoparticles Using Egg and Biogenic Nanomedicine 307Priyanka Das, Moumita Gope, Jyoti Kumari Mishra, Jack Patgiri, and Malay K. Das12.1 Introduction 30712.2 Egg and Biogenic Nanoparticles 30812.3 General Egg-Based Nanoparticle Synthesis 31012.4 Factors Affecting Egg-Based Nanoparticle Formation 31212.5 Sustainability and Green Chemistry Aspects 31512.6 Future Perspectives 31612.7 Conclusion 316Abbreviations 317References 31713 An Overview of Recent Patents on Biogenic Nanopharmaceutical Products 321Arindam Chatterjee, Pratap Kalita, Parveen Kumar, Raja Chakraborty, and Saikat Sen13.1 Introduction 32113.2 Biogenic Nanopharmaceuticals 32313.3 Recent Advances in Biogenic Nanopharmaceutical Patents 32813.4 Patent Categories and Innovations 33113.5 Case Studies of Prominent Biogenic Nanopharmaceutical Patents 33513.6 Challenges in Biogenic Nanopharmaceutical Patenting 34313.7 Future Perspectives of Biogenic Nanoparticles 34813.8 Conclusion 349References 35014 Green Toxicology and Safety Assessment of Biogenic Nanoparticles 361Punam Talukdar, Ratul Chakraborty, Ayan Goswami, Chinmoyee Deori, and Asis Bala14.1 Introduction 36114.2 Biogenic Nanoparticles (BNPs) 36214.3 Safety Assessment of Biogenic Nanoparticles 36714.4 Factors Influencing BNP Toxicity 36814.5 Regulatory Framework and Safety Guidelines 37114.6 Case Studies 37314.7 Challenges and Future Perspectives 375Acknowledgments 375References 37615 Market Outlook for Biogenic Nanopharmaceutical Products 385Himakshi Baruah, Anupam Sarma, Tapash Chakraborty, and Malay K. Das15.1 Introduction 38515.2 Classification 38715.3 Limitations of Biogenic Nanoparticles 39515.4 Current Industry Trends 39615.5 Regulatory Aspects of Biogenic Nanoparticles 39915.6 Global Forecast 40015.7 Conclusion 402References 402Index 409