This book explores biomass as a sustainable resource for bioenergy production and the utilization of its byproducts. It covers biomass classification, characterization, and conversion into value-added products, along with biofuel production from agro-waste, organic waste, and food waste. Key topics include nanomaterials in biofuel enhancement, microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity, life cycle assessment (LCA), and global bioenergy trends. The book also examines byproduct applications, commercialization challenges, and sustainability goals. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, academicians, industry professionals, policymakers, and students.