Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Alleviation

Dilys Roe is a senior researcher in IIED's Natural Resources Group and leads their work on biodiversity. Since 2004, Dilys has coordinated the Poverty and Conservation Learning Group - a network of organisations that is intended to improve dialogue on poverty-conservation linkages. While the majority of Dilys' work focusses on biodiversity-development/conservation-poverty issues, she also has a research interest in community-based natural resource management and community-based conservation; ecosystem-based adaptation and high biodiversity REDD+. Joanna Elliott is Vice President for Programme Design at the African Wildlife Foundation and a Visiting Fellow in IIED's Natural Resources Group. Joanna has worked extensively in the field and at policy levels on biodiversity-development linkages, and has led applied research programmes on land use economics, conservation enterprise development and measuring the socio-economic impacts of conservation. Chris Sandbrook is a Lecturer in Conservation Leadership at the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). In this role he helps to run the Masters in Conservation Leadership course at the University of Cambridge. Chris has diverse research interests, including the implications of market-based approaches to conservation such as ecotourism and REDD, the relationship between great ape conservation and poverty alleviation, and the values held by those working in conservation.Matt Walpole is Head of the Ecosystem Assessment Programme at UNEP-WCMC. In this role Matt oversees a diverse portfolio focusing on improving the uptake and use of information on biodiversity and its values, including its role in supporting livelihoods and poverty alleviation, amongst policymakers. Matt’s research interests include a focus on interdisciplinary approaches to conservation research and practice and exploring the widespread links between poverty and conservation.

• Contributors ixPreface and Acknowledgements xiiiIntroduction 11. Linking Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Alleviation: What, Why and Where? 3Dilys Roe, Joanna Elliott, Chris Sandbrook and Matt WalpolePart I Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Poverty – The Potential for Synergies 192. The Potential, Realised and Essential Ecosystem Service Benefits of Biodiversity Conservation 21Will R. Turner, Katrina Brandon, Thomas M. Brooks, Claude Gascon,Holly K. Gibbs, Keith Lawrence, Russell A. Mittermeier and Elizabeth R. Selig3. Poverty Reduction and Biodiversity Conservation: Using the Concept of Ecosystem Services to Understand the Linkages 36Heidi Wittmer, Augustin Bergh¨ofer and Pavan Sukhdev4. Dependence of the Poor on Biodiversity: Which Poor, What Biodiversity? 52Bhaskar Vira and Andreas KontoleonPart II Biodiversity and Poverty Relationships in Different Ecological Settings 855. Forests, Poverty and Conservation: An Overview of the Issues 87Brian Belcher6. Biodiversity and Poverty in Coastal Environments 100Jock Campbell and Philip Townsley7. Linking Biodiversity and Poverty Alleviation in the Drylands – The Concept of 'Useful' Biodiversity 113Michael Mortimore8. Biodiversity Isn’t Just Wildlife – Conserving Agricultural Biodiversity as a Vital Contribution to Poverty Reduction 127Willy DoumaPart III Poverty Impacts of Different Conservation Interventions 1439. Does Conserving Biodiversity Work to Reduce Poverty? A State of Knowledge Review 145Craig Leisher, M. Sanjayan, Jill Blockhus, S. Neil Larsen and Andreas Kontoleon10. Protected Areas – What People Say about Well-Being 160George Holmes and Dan Brockington11. Species Conservation and Poverty Alleviation – The Case of Great Apes in Africa 173Chris Sandbrook and Dilys Roe12. Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) and Reducing Poverty in Namibia 191Brian T.B. Jones, Anna Davis, Lara Diez and Richard W. Diggle13. Conservation Enterprise:What Works, Where and forWhom? 206Joanna Elliott and Daudi SumbaPart IV Distributional and Institutional Issues 22314. Payments for Environmental Services: Conservation with Pro-Poor Benefits 225Sven Wunder and Jan Borner15. Pastoralism and Conservation – Who Benefits? 239Katherine Homewood, Pippa Chenevix Trench and Dan Brockington16. Local Organisations – An Entry Point for Conservation and Poverty Reduction 253David H. L. Thomas17. Poverty Reduction Isn’t Just about Money: Community Perceptions of Conservation Benefits 270Fikret BerkesPart V Biodiversity and Poverty Relationships in the Context of Global Challenges 28718. Biodiversity, Poverty and Climate Change: New Challenges and Opportunities 289Kathy MacKinnon19. Conservation in the Anthropocene: Biodiversity, Poverty and Sustainability 304William M. Adams20. Tackling Global Poverty: What Contribution Can Biodiversity and Its Conservation Really Make? 316Dilys Roe, Joanna Elliott, Chris Sandbrook and Matt WalpoleIndex 329

“This helpful book goes some way towards dispelling some of those myths and challenging those assumptions . . . The authors finally stress the importance of recognizing that biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation are both inherently political processes.”  (Oryx, 1 October 2013)“It would be an excellent source of information for policy makers, researchers, and students in various environmental disciplines.  Summing Up.  Recommended.  Lower-division undergraduates through professionals/practitioners.”  (Choice, 1 September 2013)