Bioactive-Based Nanotherapeutics

Rakesh K. Sindhu, PhD is a professor and a research and development co-coordinator in the School of Pharmacy at Sharda University, India, with 16 years of experience. He has filed 20 patents, five of which have been granted. He has also published over 90 papers in reputed journals, ten papers in international conferences, 30 in national conferences, eight books, and 25 book chapters. His research interests include pharmacological evaluation of herbal drugs and products, nanoformulation development and evaluation, standardization of herbal products, and phytochemical screening. Sumitra Singh, PhD is as a professor and dean in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India, with over 23 years of research and teaching experience. She has published over 50 research papers in reputed national and international journals, three books, and five book chapters. She has also filed five patents. Her expertise is in standardization, pharmacological evaluation, and formulation development of herbal drugs and natural products. Evren Algin Yapar, PhD is a professor, vice dean, and Head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology at Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Turkey. She is a member of the National Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education and a several associations and professional organizations in addition to serving on several advisory and refer boards for international journals. She is involved in research regarding drug design and delivery, nanomaterials and carrier systems, cosmetics, herbal sources, and products.

• Preface xxxi1 Basics of Nano-Bioactive Compounds and Their Therapeutic Potential 1Jannat ul Firdaus, Sumitra Singh and Rakesh K. Sindhu1.1 Introduction 21.2 Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Compounds 31.3 Extraction Techniques for Obtaining Bioactive Compound 81.4 Novel Delivery Approach for Bioactive Compounds 91.5 Electrospinning 111.6 Micro- and Nanoencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds 111.7 Polymeric Nanoparticles (NPs) 121.8 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles 121.9 Nanoemulsions 121.10 Nanocrystals 131.11 Phytosomes 131.12 Therapeutic Potential of Nano-Bioactive Compounds 141.13 Conclusion 17References 182 Recent Techniques for Isolation of Bioactive Components from Plants 27Omonike O. Ogbole, Oluwagbenga V. Kayode, Feranmi J. Adelowokan and Oluwatoyin A. Odeku2.1 Introduction 282.2 Extraction Methods 302.3 Recent Chromatographic Methods 352.4 Applications of Two-Dimensional Chromatographic Approaches 402.5 Hyphenated Techniques 402.6 Conclusion 43References 433 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Inflammatory Diseases 55Jasdev Singh Tuteja, Supriya Shidhaye, Anamika Singh and Tamanna Narsinghani3.1 Inflammation and Diseases 563.2 Nanocarriers as Drug Delivery System 583.3 Nanocarriers and Inflammation 593.4 Inflammation in Central Nervous System 603.5 Ophthalmological Inflammation 633.6 Cardiovascular Inflammation 653.7 Respiratory Inflammation 683.8 Inflammation in Gastric System 733.9 Excretory System Inflammation 773.10 Inflammation of the Reproductive System 813.11 Inflammation Associated with Dermatology 853.12 Muscular Inflammation 893.13 Skeletal Inflammation 923.14 Applications of Nanocarriers in Inflammation 963.15 Conclusion 101References 1024 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Dermal Diseases 115Nitika Garg, Sanchit Dhankhar, Samrat Chauhan and Suresh Beniwal4.1 Introduction 1164.2 Skin Anatomy and Physiology: Implications for Drug Delivery 1174.3 Barrier Functions of the Skin 1194.4 Transdermal Permeation Challenges 1194.5 Factors Influencing Dermal Drug Penetration 1204.6 Role of Nanocarriers in Enhancing Drug Penetration 1224.7 Types of Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers 1294.8 Design Principles and Fabrication Techniques 1294.9 Characterization of Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers 1304.10 Applications in Diverse Dermal Diseases 1324.11 Preclinical Studies: In Vivo and In Vitro 1404.12 Challenges and Future Directions 1424.13 Conclusion 143References 1445 Nano-Based Nasal Delivery of Biomacromolecules: A Myriad of Opportunities 151Genada Sinani, Sevgi Güngör, Yıldız Özsoy and Erdal Cevher5.1 Biomacromolecules 1525.2 Characteristics of Biomacromolecules and Delivery Challenges 1535.3 Opportunities of Nasal Route 1565.4 Main Factors in Nasal Cavity Affecting Delivery of Biomacromolecules 1575.5 Nano-Based Delivery Systems as an Efficient Strategy to Improve Intranasal Administration of Biomacromolecules 1605.6 Proof of Concept: Biomacromolecules Administered by Intranasal Nano-Based Delivery Systems 1675.7 Safety Considerations 1845.8 Conclusion 185References 1876 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Ocular Application 199Ishita Bhardwaj, Atifa Haseeb Ansari, Swayam Prabha Rai, Durgesh Singh and Sippy Singh6.1 Introduction 2006.2 Barriers and Route of Ocular Drug Delivery 2006.3 Nanoparticles in Ocular Diseases Therapy 2016.4 Organic Nanocarriers 2026.5 Inorganic Nanocarriers 2076.6 Benefits of Bioactive-Based Nanoparticles for Occular Application 2106.7 Challenges and Future Considerations 2116.8 Conclusion 212Acknowledgment 212References 2137 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Gastrointestinal System Disease 223Phool Chandra, Rashmi Pathak, Neetu Sachan, Ashok Kumar Gupta and Anurag Verma7.1 Introduction 2247.2 Types of Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers 2317.3 Design and Fabrication of Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers 2367.4 Bioactive Molecules for Targeting Gastrointestinal Diseases 2387.5 Preclinical Studies and Clinical Trials 2427.6 Therapeutic Applications of Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers 2457.7 Safety and Toxicity Considerations 2507.8 Challenges and Future Perspectives 2537.9 Conclusion 254References 2558 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Cancer Treatment and Targeting 265Petra O. Nnamani, Ozioma B. Onokala and Oluwatoyin A. Odeku8.1 Overview of Current Global Epidemiology and Prevalence of Cancer 2668.2 Comparison and Contrast Between Bioactive‐Based Nanocarriers and Other Cancer Treatment 2668.3 Mechanism(s) for Cancer Treatment and Targeting Using Bioactive Compounds 2708.4 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Treatment and Targeting of Different Categories of Cancer 2778.5 Limitations of Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Cancer Treatment and Targeting 2858.6 Future prospects 2858.7 Conclusion 286References 2869 Bioactive-Based Nanocarrier for the Management of Infectious Diseases 299Manisha Pandey, Pooja, Deepika Sharma, Sunita Nirban, Ashwani Arya, Suchitra Nishal, Manish Dhall, Neha Jain and Tarun Kumar9.1 Introduction 3009.2 Factors Influencing Bioactive Nanocarriers 3049.3 Mechanism of Action of Bioactive Nanocarriers in Infection 3079.4 Recent Advancements in Bioactive-Based Nanocarrier for Infections 3149.5 Beneficial Aspects of Bioactive-Based Nanocarrier Over Conventional Treatment 3239.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects 329References 32910 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Cosmeceuticals 339Bhavana Singh, Gautam Kumar, Vandana, Hema Arya, Deepika Joshi, Urvashi Saxena, Sumitra Singh and Rakesh K. Sindhu10.1 Introduction 34010.2 Nanotechnology in Cosmeceuticals 34210.3 Bioactive Ingredients in Cosmeceuticals 34610.4 Nanocarriers for Bioactive Delivery 35110.5 Applications of Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers in Cosmeceuticals 35410.6 Challenges and Future Perspectives 361References 36411 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for CVD 369Swapnali Patil, Pranali Pangam and Poournima Sankpal11.1 Introduction 37011.2 The Ongoing CVD Crisis 37011.3 Bioactive Compounds and Their Role in Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Prevention and Treatment 37411.4 Role of Bioactive Compounds in CVD Prevention 37411.5 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Enhanced Drug Delivery 37711.6 Challenges and Future Directions 38011.7 Conclusion 383References 38412 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Diabetes 389Deepak Kumar, Ankit Kumar Singh, Adarsh Kumar, Harshwardhan Singh, Jagat Pal Yadav and Pradeep KumarAbbreviations 39012.1 Introduction 39012.2 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers in Medicine and Healthcare Including Diabetes 39412.3 Significance of Material Selection in Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers 39912.4 Targeting Strategies for Diabetes Therapy 39912.5 Benefits of Targeted Drug Delivery in Diabetes 40112.6 Factors Affecting Drug Loading Efficiency and Stability in Encapsulation Systems 40312.7 Opportunities for Improving Nanocarrier Performance and Targeting Specificity 40612.8 Ethical and Regulatory Considerations 40712.9 Challenges and Future Perspectives 40912.10 Conclusion 410Acknowledgments 410References 41113 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers in Management of CNS Diseases 417Satish Polshettiwar, Pankaj Khuspe, Amol Gholap, Prasad Aldar and Mangesh Godbole13.1 Introduction 41813.2 Principles of Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers 42213.3 Overcoming the Blood–Brain Barrier 42813.4 Nanocarriers of Hope: Revolutionizing Neurodegenerative Disease Management 43513.5 Applications in Neurodegenerative Diseases 43613.6 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Brain Tumor Therapy 43813.7 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers in Stroke Management 43913.8 Traumatic Brain Injury and Nanocarrier Interventions 44013.9 Imaging and Diagnostic Capabilities 44113.10 Current Preclinical and Clinical Advancements 44213.11 Future Prospects and Challenges 44313.12 Conclusion 444References 44514 Nanocarrier Applications for the Delivery of Bioactives for Topical Wound Healing 461İmren Esentürk-Güzel, Merve Nur Özdemir, Evren Algın Yapar and Meryem Sedef Erdal14.1 Introduction 46214.2 Physiology of Wound Healing 46314.3 Skin Drug Delivery for Wound-Healing Applications 46514.4 Research on Wound Healing Using Nanocarriers Loaded with Bioactive Materials 46814.5 Prospects and Challenges of Nanocarriers in Future Wound Healing 493References 49415 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Targeting Antimicrobial Resistance 509Paka Sravan Kumar, Farmiza Begum, Chaman Bala, Bhavana Singh, Rakesh Kumar Sindhu and Gautam Kumar15.1 Introduction 51015.2 Development of Antibiotic Resistance 51015.3 Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance 51115.4 Current Treatment Approaches to Management Antibiotic Resistance and Challenges 51415.5 Phytochemicals in the Management of Antibiotic Resistance 51715.6 Phytochemical-Based Nanocarriers for the Management of Antibiotic Resistance 52015.7 Mechanism of Phytochemical-Based Nanocarriers in Combating Antibiotic Resistance 52115.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 522References 52216 Bioactive Phytochemical–Based Nanocarriers for Targeting Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) 525Gautam Kumar, Sara Fathima, Prasada Chowdari Gurram, Chaman Bala, Rakesh Kumar Sindhu and Farmiza Begum16.1 Introduction 52616.2 Etiology and Pathophysiology 52616.3 Current Treatment Options Available for NAFLD 52816.4 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers: A Treatment Option for NAFLD as Smart Drug Carriers 54116.5 Toxicological Concerns of Nanocarriers for NAFLD Therapy 54816.6 Merits and Demerits of Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for NAFLD Treatment 55016.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 551References 55217 Bioactive Peptide–Based Nanocarrier and Its Application 563Sailee Chowdhury, Subhabrota Majumdar, Dipanjan Karati, Koyel Kar and Rana Mazumder17.1 Introduction 56417.2 Brief Attention on Peptides 56417.3 Bioactive Peptide as Nanocarriers 56517.4 Conclusion and Future Outlook 577References 57818 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Lung Disorders 587Shayeri Chatterjee Ganguly, Sumon Giri and Moumita Kundu18.1 Introduction 58818.2 Advantages and Challenges of Nanocarriers in Lung Disease Treatment 58918.3 Role of Bioactive Nanocarriers in Lung Disease Management 59018.4 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers in Asthma Management 59118.5 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers in COPD Treatment 59518.6 Pulmonary Fibrosis and Bioactive Nanocarrier Approaches 59818.7 Bioactive Nanocarriers for Cystic Fibrosis Treatment 60018.8 Tuberculosis Management with Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers 60318.9 Future Perspectives and Conclusion 605References 60619 Bioactive-Based Nanotherapeutics in Pain Management: A Revolutionary Approach 619Sumon Giri, Zainab Irfan, Shaikh Ershadul Haque, Shayeri Chatterjee Ganguly and Stabak Das19.1 Introduction 61919.2 Pathophysiology of Pain 62019.3 Pain Biomarkers 62219.4 Treatment for Pain Management 62719.5 Significance of Bioactive Compound–Based Nanotherapeutics in Pain Therapy 62919.6 Nanotherapeutics: A New Strategy from the Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Pain 63219.7 Conclusion 647References 64820 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for Neonatal Drug Delivery System: Enhancing Efficacy and Safety in Neonatal Medicine 663A. Mohamed Noufal, R. Sabitha and S. Akilandeswari20.1 Introduction 66420.2 Nanocarrier Design Considerations for Neonatal Use 66520.3 Bioactive Components in Nanocarrier Systems 66720.4 Enhancing Drug Encapsulation, Stability, and Sustained Release 67020.5 Minimizing Toxicity and Immunogenicity 67220.6 Exploiting Neonatal Physiology for Targeted Delivery 67420.7 Nanocarrier Surface Modification and Ligand Conjugation 67520.8 Improving Drug Bioavailability in Neonatal Populations 67820.9 Promising Applications of Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers in Neonatal Medicine 67920.10 Advancements and Future Perspectives 68120.11 Conclusion 681References 68221 Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers for the Treatments of Obesity: A Novel Approach 691Loveleen Kaur, Baljinder Singh, Raghav Tandon, Reecha Madaan, Rakesh K. Sindhu and Sumitra Singh21.1 Introduction 69221.2 Pathophysiology 69321.3 Management of Obesity 69521.4 Bioactive Compounds 69921.5 Nanotechnology 70121.6 Conclusion/Future Perspectives 704References 70522 Regulatory Aspects of Bioactive-Based Nanocarriers 715Farmiza Begum, Chaman Bala, Fathima Beegum, Sara Fathima, Rakesh Kumar Sindhu and Gautam Kumar22.1 Introduction 71622.2 The Necessity of Regulating Nanomedicine 71722.3 Worldwide Strategies for the Regulation of Nanopharmaceuticals 71722.4 Conclusion 724References 725Index 727