Frederic Wehrey is a senior fellow in the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He is the author of Sectarian Politics in the Gulf: From the Iraq War to the Arab Uprisings (2013), chosen as a Best Book on the Middle East by Foreign Affairs magazine. He holds a DPhil in International Relations from Oxford University.

• Introduction -- Frederic Wehrey 1. Beyond Sectarianism in the Middle East? Comparative Perspectives on Group Conflict -- Paul Dixon PART I; THE GEOPOLITICS OF SECTARIANISM 2. The Sectarianism of the Islamic State: Ideological Roots and Political Context -- Hassan Hassan 3. The Sectarianization of the Syrian War -- Heiko Wimmen 4. Sectarianism and Iranian Foreign Policy -- Afshon OstovarPART II; INSTITUTIONAL SOURCES OF SECTARIANISM 5. Shia-centric State-Building and Sunni Rejection in Post-2003 Iraq -- Fanar Haddad 6. The Unraveling of Taif: The Limits of Sect-based Power-sharing in Lebanon -- Joseph Bahout 7. Twitter Wars: Sunni-Shia Conflict and Cooperation in the Digital Age -- Alexandra Siegel 8. The Political Economy of Sectarianism: How Gulf Regimes Exploit Identity Politics as a Survival Strategy -- Justin Gengler 9. The Roots of Sectarian Law and Order in the Gulf: Bahrain, the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Two Historical Disruptions -- Staci Strobl PART III; DOCTRINAL AND CLERICAL SOURCES OF SECTARIANISM 10. The Kingdom and the Caliphate: Saudi Arabia and the Islamic State -- Cole Bunzel11. Sectarianism and Political Pragmatism: The Paradox of Egypt's al-Nour Salafis -- Stéphane Lacroix 12. Religious Authority and Sectarianism in Lebanon -- Alexander D.M. Henley

‘Sectarianism has become an urgently important, but often misunderstood, feature of politics in the Middle East. Beyond Sunni and Shia brings together an outstanding and diverse group of scholars who grapple with sectarian conflict across the region. These rigorous and deeply researched essays show how the complex interplay of politics, ideas and technology at a time of rapid change has driven dangerous new identity politics.’