Steven P. Erie is Professor of Political Science and Director of the Urban Studies and Planning Program at the University of California, San Diego. His previous books include Globalizing L.A.: Trade, Infrastructure, and Regional Development (Stanford University Press, 2004) and Rainbow's End: Irish Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics (1990).

• CONTENTS List of Tables, Figures, and Photos List of Abbreviations Preface PART I: OVERVIEW AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT1 1. Mighty Metropolitan 2. Ghosts of Chinatown: From L.A.'s DWP to MWD 3. Building and Financing an Empire: Balancing Growth and Equity PART II: MOUNTING CHALLENGES, 1990-2004 4. David and Goliath? San Diego's Quixotic Quest for Independence 5. Empire Under Siege: Colorado River and Bay-Delta Battles 6. Turbulent Waters? Metropolitan Faces Water Markets PART III: AT THE CROSSROADS 7. MWD Agonistes: 21st Century Challenges 8. Charting a New Course Notes Index TABLES, FIGURES, AND PHOTOS Tables 1.1.The Metropolitan Service Area in Global Perspective: Countries Ranked by Year 2002 Gross Domestic Product 1.2.Profile of MWD Member Agencies 7.1. Estimated MWD Water Demand, 2025 7.2. Population Projections for Colorado River Basin States (Excluding California), 2000-2030 (Millions) Figures 1.1. Aqueducts Serving Southern California 1.2. MWD Member Agencies and Service Area 3.1.MWD Revenue Contributions (in 2003 dollars), 1929-2003 3.2.Components of Total MWD Revenue Collected (in current dollars), 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.3.LADWP Share of Total MWD Revenue vs. Capital Projects Expenditures, FY 1933-FY 2003 3.4.Unit Cost (in 2003 dollars) per Acre-Foot of MWD Water Delivered, by Counties and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-2003 3.5.Types of MWD Financial Contributions (in 2003 dollars) per Acre-Foot of MWD Water Delivered, by Counties and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-2003 3.6.Estimated Subsidies (in 2003 dollars), by Counties and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.7.Unit Cost (in 2003 dollars) per Acre-Foot of MWD Water Delivered, by County and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.8.Average Annual Population Growth Rate, by Counties and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.9.Unit Cost (in 2003 dollars) per Acre-Foot and Population Growth Rate, City of Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego Counties, 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.10.Correlation Between Water Subsidy Index and Population Growth Rate by MWD Member Agency, 1929-1970 3.11.Correlation Between Water Subsidy Index and Population Growth Rate by MWD Member Agency, 1971-2003 4.1.L.A. and San Diego Preferential Rights, 2000-2025 7.1. Southern California Population Projections, 2000-2050 7.2. California Population Projections, 2000-2050 7.3. Historical Supply and Demand on the Colorado River, 1935-2003 7.4. Water Storage Levels for Western States, Reservoir Storage as of May 2005 (Preliminary) Photos (following page '.) 1. William Mulholland, first General Manager, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power 2. First MWD Board of Directors 3. Joe Jensen, Los Angeles MWD Director and long-serving MWD Board Chair 4.Fred Heilbron, San Diego MWD Director and long-serving San Diego County Water Authority Board Chair 5.Building the Colorado River Aqueduct 6.Colorado River Aqueduct 7.Hoover Dam 8. Parker Dam 9.Parker Intake Plant 10.California Aqueduct/State Water Project 11.The Bay-Delta 12. Diamond Valley Lake Reservoir

"Erie's persuasive argument that the Metropolitan Water District is one of the creative but flawed designers of Southern California is haunted by forgetfulness: We forget where our water comes from....We forget who manages it for us and why water policy is the most important political decision we never get to make....Unfortunately forgetting is what we're best at. It helps explains why we can't move beyond the myths of Chinatown without stories about Los Angeles as reasoned and convincing as Erie's." - L.A. Times Book Review "Water history is tough to write, and no one has done it better than Steven P. Erie in this fast-paced narrative based on monumental research. I marvel at the multi-faceted inclusiveness of this story of water, region, politics, engineering, growth, and the environment." - Kevin Starr (University of Southern California) "In this pathbreaking history of the MWD, Steve Erie brilliantly debunks L.A.'s greatest urban legend and opens bold new perspectives on the secret history of Southern California." - Mike Davis (U.C. Irvine) "Professor Erie lays out for serious students and readers alike a compelling study of the perception and reality of the MET and the major figures and events that define it. The history of real life intrigue revealed is worthy of the Chinatown title, but there is much more here for today's leaders seeking to find a model of success for regional cooperation and accomplishment." - Ron Gastelum, former CEO (Metropolitan Water District of Southern California) "In this sweeping history, Erie gives us not only the people, plans, and decisions of a public agency that has allowed a semi-arid region to take water for granted, but also the consequences of those decisions that have assisted in the creation of one of the world's great economies. And then, like a scout at the horizon, he confronts the global challenges facing the future of water for this region—indeed, the future of California. Beyond Chinatown indeed. It's a great read and an important book." - James Flanigan (business and economics Columnist, LA Times and New York Times) "This revisionist history of the Metropolitan Water District transforms its long accepted "black hat" to pale gray. Steve Erie solidifies his reputation as the contemporary authority on Southern California water politics with this highly engaging book. It is a must read for everyone interested in water policy. " - Helen Ingram (U.C. Irvine) "This is an extremely important work. . . . 'State of the art' in terms of its research and findings on one of the most important water agencies in the nation." - Abraham Hoffman (author of Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy) "This is a first-rate study. It is valuable both for the important story it tells and for the broader lessons it suggests on the role of government in urban development and on the importance of entrepreneurial leadership in meeting complex public needs." - Jameson W. Doig (Princeton University) "Steve Erie knocks another one out of the ballpark. Having written a superb book on machine politics in Rainbows End, and having brought the state back into urban politics in compelling fashion in Globalizing L.A., Erie does path-breaking work once again in his analysis of water politics in Beyond Chinatown showing us the importance of regionalization and how to study it. The second of a trilogy on infrastructure in southern California, Erie's new book is another fascinating saga in how the west was developed. " - Clarence Stone (George Washington University) :"Beyond Chinatown is a valuable blend of economic history, policy analysis, and political science about a huge governmental institution charged with bringing water to the part of the country that best typifies the American economy and society in the latter half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries -- Los Angeles and Southern California." - EH.Net "Beyond Chinatown should be required reading for anyone concerned with how successful the agency that provides water to so many clients has been, and whether MWD can sustain that success in meeting the challenges of the future." - Water and Power Associates, Inc Newsletter "Beyond Chinatown's merger of history and policy study, set against debunked myth, should serve as a major reorientation for teaching, researching, and planning, not only in Southern California, but in metropolitan regions throughout the world." - Southern California Quarterly

Steven P. Erie is Professor of Political Science and Director of the Urban Studies and Planning Program at the University of California, San Diego. His previous books include Globalizing L.A.: Trade, Infrastructure, and Regional Development (Stanford University Press, 2004) and Rainbow's End: Irish Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics (1990).

• CONTENTS List of Tables, Figures, and Photos List of Abbreviations Preface PART I: OVERVIEW AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT1 1. Mighty Metropolitan 2. Ghosts of Chinatown: From L.A.'s DWP to MWD 3. Building and Financing an Empire: Balancing Growth and Equity PART II: MOUNTING CHALLENGES, 1990-2004 4. David and Goliath? San Diego's Quixotic Quest for Independence 5. Empire Under Siege: Colorado River and Bay-Delta Battles 6. Turbulent Waters? Metropolitan Faces Water Markets PART III: AT THE CROSSROADS 7. MWD Agonistes: 21st Century Challenges 8. Charting a New Course Notes Index TABLES, FIGURES, AND PHOTOS Tables 1.1.The Metropolitan Service Area in Global Perspective: Countries Ranked by Year 2002 Gross Domestic Product 1.2.Profile of MWD Member Agencies 7.1. Estimated MWD Water Demand, 2025 7.2. Population Projections for Colorado River Basin States (Excluding California), 2000-2030 (Millions) Figures 1.1. Aqueducts Serving Southern California 1.2. MWD Member Agencies and Service Area 3.1.MWD Revenue Contributions (in 2003 dollars), 1929-2003 3.2.Components of Total MWD Revenue Collected (in current dollars), 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.3.LADWP Share of Total MWD Revenue vs. Capital Projects Expenditures, FY 1933-FY 2003 3.4.Unit Cost (in 2003 dollars) per Acre-Foot of MWD Water Delivered, by Counties and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-2003 3.5.Types of MWD Financial Contributions (in 2003 dollars) per Acre-Foot of MWD Water Delivered, by Counties and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-2003 3.6.Estimated Subsidies (in 2003 dollars), by Counties and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.7.Unit Cost (in 2003 dollars) per Acre-Foot of MWD Water Delivered, by County and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.8.Average Annual Population Growth Rate, by Counties and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.9.Unit Cost (in 2003 dollars) per Acre-Foot and Population Growth Rate, City of Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego Counties, 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.10.Correlation Between Water Subsidy Index and Population Growth Rate by MWD Member Agency, 1929-1970 3.11.Correlation Between Water Subsidy Index and Population Growth Rate by MWD Member Agency, 1971-2003 4.1.L.A. and San Diego Preferential Rights, 2000-2025 7.1. Southern California Population Projections, 2000-2050 7.2. California Population Projections, 2000-2050 7.3. Historical Supply and Demand on the Colorado River, 1935-2003 7.4. Water Storage Levels for Western States, Reservoir Storage as of May 2005 (Preliminary) Photos (following page '.) 1. William Mulholland, first General Manager, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power 2. First MWD Board of Directors 3. Joe Jensen, Los Angeles MWD Director and long-serving MWD Board Chair 4.Fred Heilbron, San Diego MWD Director and long-serving San Diego County Water Authority Board Chair 5.Building the Colorado River Aqueduct 6.Colorado River Aqueduct 7.Hoover Dam 8. Parker Dam 9.Parker Intake Plant 10.California Aqueduct/State Water Project 11.The Bay-Delta 12. Diamond Valley Lake Reservoir

"Erie's persuasive argument that the Metropolitan Water District is one of the creative but flawed designers of Southern California is haunted by forgetfulness: We forget where our water comes from....We forget who manages it for us and why water policy is the most important political decision we never get to make....Unfortunately forgetting is what we're best at. It helps explains why we can't move beyond the myths of Chinatown without stories about Los Angeles as reasoned and convincing as Erie's." - L.A. Times Book Review "Water history is tough to write, and no one has done it better than Steven P. Erie in this fast-paced narrative based on monumental research. I marvel at the multi-faceted inclusiveness of this story of water, region, politics, engineering, growth, and the environment." - Kevin Starr (University of Southern California) "In this pathbreaking history of the MWD, Steve Erie brilliantly debunks L.A.'s greatest urban legend and opens bold new perspectives on the secret history of Southern California." - Mike Davis (U.C. Irvine) "Professor Erie lays out for serious students and readers alike a compelling study of the perception and reality of the MET and the major figures and events that define it. The history of real life intrigue revealed is worthy of the Chinatown title, but there is much more here for today's leaders seeking to find a model of success for regional cooperation and accomplishment." - Ron Gastelum, former CEO (Metropolitan Water District of Southern California) "In this sweeping history, Erie gives us not only the people, plans, and decisions of a public agency that has allowed a semi-arid region to take water for granted, but also the consequences of those decisions that have assisted in the creation of one of the world's great economies. And then, like a scout at the horizon, he confronts the global challenges facing the future of water for this region—indeed, the future of California. Beyond Chinatown indeed. It's a great read and an important book." - James Flanigan (business and economics Columnist, LA Times and New York Times) "This revisionist history of the Metropolitan Water District transforms its long accepted "black hat" to pale gray. Steve Erie solidifies his reputation as the contemporary authority on Southern California water politics with this highly engaging book. It is a must read for everyone interested in water policy. " - Helen Ingram (U.C. Irvine) "This is an extremely important work. . . . 'State of the art' in terms of its research and findings on one of the most important water agencies in the nation." - Abraham Hoffman (author of Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy) "This is a first-rate study. It is valuable both for the important story it tells and for the broader lessons it suggests on the role of government in urban development and on the importance of entrepreneurial leadership in meeting complex public needs." - Jameson W. Doig (Princeton University) "Steve Erie knocks another one out of the ballpark. Having written a superb book on machine politics in Rainbows End, and having brought the state back into urban politics in compelling fashion in Globalizing L.A., Erie does path-breaking work once again in his analysis of water politics in Beyond Chinatown showing us the importance of regionalization and how to study it. The second of a trilogy on infrastructure in southern California, Erie's new book is another fascinating saga in how the west was developed. " - Clarence Stone (George Washington University) :"Beyond Chinatown is a valuable blend of economic history, policy analysis, and political science about a huge governmental institution charged with bringing water to the part of the country that best typifies the American economy and society in the latter half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries -- Los Angeles and Southern California." - EH.Net "Beyond Chinatown should be required reading for anyone concerned with how successful the agency that provides water to so many clients has been, and whether MWD can sustain that success in meeting the challenges of the future." - Water and Power Associates, Inc Newsletter "Beyond Chinatown's merger of history and policy study, set against debunked myth, should serve as a major reorientation for teaching, researching, and planning, not only in Southern California, but in metropolitan regions throughout the world." - Southern California Quarterly

Steven P. Erie is Professor of Political Science and Director of the Urban Studies and Planning Program at the University of California, San Diego. His previous books include Globalizing L.A.: Trade, Infrastructure, and Regional Development (Stanford University Press, 2004) and Rainbow's End: Irish Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics (1990).

• CONTENTS List of Tables, Figures, and Photos List of Abbreviations Preface PART I: OVERVIEW AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT1 1. Mighty Metropolitan 2. Ghosts of Chinatown: From L.A.'s DWP to MWD 3. Building and Financing an Empire: Balancing Growth and Equity PART II: MOUNTING CHALLENGES, 1990-2004 4. David and Goliath? San Diego's Quixotic Quest for Independence 5. Empire Under Siege: Colorado River and Bay-Delta Battles 6. Turbulent Waters? Metropolitan Faces Water Markets PART III: AT THE CROSSROADS 7. MWD Agonistes: 21st Century Challenges 8. Charting a New Course Notes Index TABLES, FIGURES, AND PHOTOS Tables 1.1.The Metropolitan Service Area in Global Perspective: Countries Ranked by Year 2002 Gross Domestic Product 1.2.Profile of MWD Member Agencies 7.1. Estimated MWD Water Demand, 2025 7.2. Population Projections for Colorado River Basin States (Excluding California), 2000-2030 (Millions) Figures 1.1. Aqueducts Serving Southern California 1.2. MWD Member Agencies and Service Area 3.1.MWD Revenue Contributions (in 2003 dollars), 1929-2003 3.2.Components of Total MWD Revenue Collected (in current dollars), 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.3.LADWP Share of Total MWD Revenue vs. Capital Projects Expenditures, FY 1933-FY 2003 3.4.Unit Cost (in 2003 dollars) per Acre-Foot of MWD Water Delivered, by Counties and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-2003 3.5.Types of MWD Financial Contributions (in 2003 dollars) per Acre-Foot of MWD Water Delivered, by Counties and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-2003 3.6.Estimated Subsidies (in 2003 dollars), by Counties and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.7.Unit Cost (in 2003 dollars) per Acre-Foot of MWD Water Delivered, by County and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.8.Average Annual Population Growth Rate, by Counties and the City of Los Angeles, 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.9.Unit Cost (in 2003 dollars) per Acre-Foot and Population Growth Rate, City of Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego Counties, 1929-1970 and 1971-2003 3.10.Correlation Between Water Subsidy Index and Population Growth Rate by MWD Member Agency, 1929-1970 3.11.Correlation Between Water Subsidy Index and Population Growth Rate by MWD Member Agency, 1971-2003 4.1.L.A. and San Diego Preferential Rights, 2000-2025 7.1. Southern California Population Projections, 2000-2050 7.2. California Population Projections, 2000-2050 7.3. Historical Supply and Demand on the Colorado River, 1935-2003 7.4. Water Storage Levels for Western States, Reservoir Storage as of May 2005 (Preliminary) Photos (following page '.) 1. William Mulholland, first General Manager, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power 2. First MWD Board of Directors 3. Joe Jensen, Los Angeles MWD Director and long-serving MWD Board Chair 4.Fred Heilbron, San Diego MWD Director and long-serving San Diego County Water Authority Board Chair 5.Building the Colorado River Aqueduct 6.Colorado River Aqueduct 7.Hoover Dam 8. Parker Dam 9.Parker Intake Plant 10.California Aqueduct/State Water Project 11.The Bay-Delta 12. Diamond Valley Lake Reservoir

"Erie's persuasive argument that the Metropolitan Water District is one of the creative but flawed designers of Southern California is haunted by forgetfulness: We forget where our water comes from....We forget who manages it for us and why water policy is the most important political decision we never get to make....Unfortunately forgetting is what we're best at. It helps explains why we can't move beyond the myths of Chinatown without stories about Los Angeles as reasoned and convincing as Erie's." - L.A. Times Book Review "Water history is tough to write, and no one has done it better than Steven P. Erie in this fast-paced narrative based on monumental research. I marvel at the multi-faceted inclusiveness of this story of water, region, politics, engineering, growth, and the environment." - Kevin Starr (University of Southern California) "In this pathbreaking history of the MWD, Steve Erie brilliantly debunks L.A.'s greatest urban legend and opens bold new perspectives on the secret history of Southern California." - Mike Davis (U.C. Irvine) "Professor Erie lays out for serious students and readers alike a compelling study of the perception and reality of the MET and the major figures and events that define it. The history of real life intrigue revealed is worthy of the Chinatown title, but there is much more here for today's leaders seeking to find a model of success for regional cooperation and accomplishment." - Ron Gastelum, former CEO (Metropolitan Water District of Southern California) "In this sweeping history, Erie gives us not only the people, plans, and decisions of a public agency that has allowed a semi-arid region to take water for granted, but also the consequences of those decisions that have assisted in the creation of one of the world's great economies. And then, like a scout at the horizon, he confronts the global challenges facing the future of water for this region—indeed, the future of California. Beyond Chinatown indeed. It's a great read and an important book." - James Flanigan (business and economics Columnist, LA Times and New York Times) "This revisionist history of the Metropolitan Water District transforms its long accepted "black hat" to pale gray. Steve Erie solidifies his reputation as the contemporary authority on Southern California water politics with this highly engaging book. It is a must read for everyone interested in water policy. " - Helen Ingram (U.C. Irvine) "This is an extremely important work. . . . 'State of the art' in terms of its research and findings on one of the most important water agencies in the nation." - Abraham Hoffman (author of Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy) "This is a first-rate study. It is valuable both for the important story it tells and for the broader lessons it suggests on the role of government in urban development and on the importance of entrepreneurial leadership in meeting complex public needs." - Jameson W. Doig (Princeton University) "Steve Erie knocks another one out of the ballpark. Having written a superb book on machine politics in Rainbows End, and having brought the state back into urban politics in compelling fashion in Globalizing L.A., Erie does path-breaking work once again in his analysis of water politics in Beyond Chinatown showing us the importance of regionalization and how to study it. The second of a trilogy on infrastructure in southern California, Erie's new book is another fascinating saga in how the west was developed. " - Clarence Stone (George Washington University) :"Beyond Chinatown is a valuable blend of economic history, policy analysis, and political science about a huge governmental institution charged with bringing water to the part of the country that best typifies the American economy and society in the latter half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries -- Los Angeles and Southern California." - EH.Net "Beyond Chinatown should be required reading for anyone concerned with how successful the agency that provides water to so many clients has been, and whether MWD can sustain that success in meeting the challenges of the future." - Water and Power Associates, Inc Newsletter "Beyond Chinatown's merger of history and policy study, set against debunked myth, should serve as a major reorientation for teaching, researching, and planning, not only in Southern California, but in metropolitan regions throughout the world." - Southern California Quarterly