Between Governing and Governance

Poul F Kjaer is Research Fellow at the Cluster of Excellence: Formation of Normative Orders, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main.

• 1 Towards a Paradigm of Governance 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Demise of Methodological Nationalism 1.3 Disciplinary Obstacles 1.4 The Need for Theory 2 The Context of Governance 2.1 Introduction 2.2 A Post-Hegelian Perspective 2.3 The EU in World Society 2.4 The Evolution of Integration 2.5 The Autonomy of the EU 2.6 The Transformative Function of the EU 2.7 The Restabilising Function of the EU 2.8 Integration as a Regulatory Idea 2.9 The Societal Status of the EU Political System 3 The Emergence of Governance 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Concepts of Shared and Separated Powers 3.3 Power Sharing in the EU 3.4 Decisional Outsourcing 3.5 Comitology 3.6 Regulatory Agencies 3.7 The Open Method of Coordination 3.8 Recognising Governance 4 The Networks of Governance 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Re-emergence of Networks 4.3 Metaphorical Networks 4.4 Networks between Market and Hierarchy 4.5 The Marketisation of the Public Sector 4.6 Embedding the EU 5 The Power of Governance 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Three Concepts of Power 5.3 The Regulatory State 5.4 Deliberative Supranationalism 5.5 Directly-Deliberative Polyarchy 5.6 Complementary Forms of Governance 6 The Governance of Knowledge 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Expansion of Knowledge 6.3 The Evolution of European Science Co-operation 6.4 The European Research Area 6.5 The OMC in Research and Development 6.6 The Function of the OMC 7 The Governance of Risk 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Evolution of European Chemicals Legislation 7.3 The REACH Policy Process 7.4 The Policy Objectives of REACH 7.5 The Institutional Form of REACH 7.6 Procedures 7.7 Hybrid Governance 7.8 Hybrid Legitimacy 7.9 Contextualising REACH 8 Constitutionalising Governing and Governance 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Transformation of Constitutionalism 8.3 Partial Statehood 8.4 Partial Constitutionalism 8.5 Horizontal Constitutionalism I 8.6 Vertical Constitutionalism 8.7 Horizontal Constitutionalism II 8.8 The Governing of Governance 9 Conclusion

Kjaer's book is to be commended for the systematic and original way in which it challenges existing orthodoxies in the study of the EU. The ambition to identify a theoretical core of the 'governance' concept is a much needed addition to the field. Likewise, the discussion of the existing approaches of deliberative supranationalism, the regulatory state and the DDP literature is illuminating. The strength of this book lies in provoking debate on the way in which the EU has been studied until now and in suggesting what insights could be gained through a theoretical synthesis of the existing empirical knowledge on governance in the EU. Thomas Conzelmann European Law Journal Volume 19, No.1 Between Governing and Governance is a very much welcomed contribution to the legal and political literature on European integration. It is an important book because it throws light on what has unfortunately remained a blind spot in mainstream constitutional theories of the European Union: comitology, agencies and the various open methods of coordination. Kjaer rightly emphasizes the importance of governance structures in the constitution of the European Union and makes a well-articulated case in support of the reform of their constitutional framework. Even the reader who finds the systematic approach problematic will find much to reflect upon in this volume. Agustin Jose Menendez European Public Law Volume 18, Issue 3 ...a provocative contribution to contemporary theoretical debates on evolving forms of governance within the European Union. One useful feature of the book is that it provides a comprehensive overview of important recent debates on the EU that have largely been conducted in the German language. Mark Fenwick EUIJ-Kyushu Review (The Online Journal of the European Union Institute of Kyushu, Japan) February 2012 ... Kjaer's work shows an awareness of the concurrent role and weight of political, sociological and legal approaches in the study of the EU's development. This brings methodological sensitivity and a greater appreciation of the intricacies of European integration. This book is an account of the ways in which the radicalized functional differentiation of late modernity shapes the (governance) structures of the EU, and provides European integration with a powerful engine. It is also an example of the promise that a sociologist-functionalist interpretation of governance structures holds, one that will be all the finer if it remains open to the paradigmatic contaminations that it itself generates. Sarah Kahn-Nisser and Gianluigi Palombella Transnational Legal Theory 2010 1(4) The most important reasons to commend this book ... must be its ambition and scope, in both methodological and substantive terms...Kjaer's book does justice to the multi-faceted nature of this concept by relying on insights from law, political science and sociology. This makes for refreshing reading, as conventional assumptions are questioned or developments placed in a different light. Kjaer addresses all three forms of governance prevalent within the European Union and systematically explains their characteristics and functioning. This enables him to capture important similarities between comitology, agencies and the Open Method of Coordination ... which in turn provides the foundation for the governing-governance distinction that is at the heart of the book. And it is true that this distinction makes a worthwhile contribution to EU scholarship, with the book correctly identifying governance as a concept whose potential has not yet been fully unlocked for analyzing the European Union. Kjaer's book is certainly thought-provoking, even though the reader may not necessarily agree with all the arguments he puts forward. And that, in my opinion, is what good books are all about. Maartje de Visser European Law Review Volume 36, 2011 Kjaer's work ... constitutes a vital new stance within this conceptual milieu. It stands as a very serious intervention in contemporary legal, political, and social theory, and few readers are likely to finish reading it without finding their theoretical attitudes to government subtly modified and refined. Chris Thornhill Journal of Law and Society November 2010 This book is a challenging contribution to the literature on the reasons and dynamics of the European integration process. Edoardo Chiti Common Market Law Review Volume 48, Issue 1