Guillaume Apollinaire moved from Rome to Paris in his late teens and joined the artistic communities then thriving in Montmartre and Montparnasse. There, he befriended, and was later painted by, artists including Jean Metzinger, Amedeo Modigliani, and Pablo Picasso. In addition to poetry, Apollinaire worked as a journalist and art critic for Le Matin, Intransigeant, and Paris Journal. As an art critic, he often expressed controversial opinions that went beyond his support of Cubism and Surrealism, including a half-serious plea for the Louvre to be burnt down.Raoul Dufy was a member of the Fauvists, a group of French artists led by Matisse and Derain. Dufy was born in Normandy and worked at a coffee-importing company in his teens to put himself through evening classes at the municipal art school. He later won a scholarship to the Paris Ecole des Beaux-Arts, where he developed his bright, dynamic, refreshingly optimistic style. He soon developed a reputation as a successful and disciplined commercial artists, and his art appeared everywhere from public murals and tapestries to ceramic designs and book illustrations.Pepe Karmel is an accomplished translator of French poetry and fiction, the first to translate Nobel laureate Patrick Modiano. In addition to his translations, he has published extensively on art history with an emphasis on Cubism.