Nick Ridley is Visiting Research Fellow at Liverpool John Moores University. He specializes in international history, anti-terrorism and the history of insurgences. His previous publications include Diplomacy through the Ages, Carlo di Rudio and the Age of Revolution and three books on the 16th- and 17th-century Dutch Revolt.

• 1. The Netherlands Provinces Revolt, Dutch Independence 2. From Spanish Hapsburg to Austrian Hapsburg Rule — and Revolt 3. The Unsuccessful 1788–1789 Revolt 4. French Revolutionary Forces Take Over 5. Under French Rule 6. Merged with the Dutch Kingdom 7. The Belgian Revolt Erupts 8. The International Dimension 9. The Powers Confer 10. Dutch Anger — Hostilities Resume 11. Diplomacy — the Major Powers’ Diplomacy — Resumes 12. Aftermath 13. Analysis 14. Conclusion

Nick Ridley is Visiting Research Fellow at Liverpool John Moores University. He specializes in international history, anti-terrorism and the history of insurgences. His previous publications include Diplomacy through the Ages, Carlo di Rudio and the Age of Revolution and three books on the 16th- and 17th-century Dutch Revolt.

• 1. The Netherlands Provinces Revolt, Dutch Independence 2. From Spanish Hapsburg to Austrian Hapsburg Rule — and Revolt 3. The Unsuccessful 1788–1789 Revolt 4. French Revolutionary Forces Take Over 5. Under French Rule 6. Merged with the Dutch Kingdom 7. The Belgian Revolt Erupts 8. The International Dimension 9. The Powers Confer 10. Dutch Anger — Hostilities Resume 11. Diplomacy — the Major Powers’ Diplomacy — Resumes 12. Aftermath 13. Analysis 14. Conclusion

Nick Ridley is Visiting Research Fellow at Liverpool John Moores University. He specializes in international history, anti-terrorism and the history of insurgences. His previous publications include Diplomacy through the Ages, Carlo di Rudio and the Age of Revolution and three books on the 16th- and 17th-century Dutch Revolt.

• 1. The Netherlands Provinces Revolt, Dutch Independence 2. From Spanish Hapsburg to Austrian Hapsburg Rule — and Revolt 3. The Unsuccessful 1788–1789 Revolt 4. French Revolutionary Forces Take Over 5. Under French Rule 6. Merged with the Dutch Kingdom 7. The Belgian Revolt Erupts 8. The International Dimension 9. The Powers Confer 10. Dutch Anger — Hostilities Resume 11. Diplomacy — the Major Powers’ Diplomacy — Resumes 12. Aftermath 13. Analysis 14. Conclusion