Behind the Bricks

With contributions by: William (Bill) Acres, Diana Castillo, Sarah Clarke, Jimmie Edgar, Wendy L. Fletcher, Bonnie Freeman, Tara Froman, Alexandra Giancarlo, Cody Groat, Evan J. Habkirk, Richard W. Hill Sr., Keith Jamieson, Sandra Juutilainen, Magdalena Miłosz, David Monture, Teri Morrow, John Moses, Alison Norman, Thomas Peace, Jennifer Pettit, Paul Racher, and Bud Whiteye.Richard W. Hill Sr., Tuscarora Nation of the Haudenosaunee, is a community-based historian at Six Nations of Grand River.Alison Norman is a settler historian who works for the federal government at Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada.Thomas Peace is an historian at Huron University College and an editor at ActiveHistory.ca.Jennifer Pettit is Dean of the Faculty of Arts and professor of History and Indigenous Studies at Mount Royal University.

• Preface Richard W. Hill, Sr. Introduction Jennifer Pettit The Russ Moses Residential School Memoir John Moses and Russ Moses Part One: Historical Overview and Context of the Mohawk Institute 1. "To Shake Off the Rude Habits of Savage Life": The Foundations of the Mohawk Institute to the Early 1900s Jennifer Pettit 2. "The Difficulties of Making an Indian into a White Man Were Not Thoroughly Appreciated": The Mohawk Institute, 1904 to Present Jennifer Pettit Part Two: Teachers, Curriculum, and Tools of Control 3. The Indian Normal School: The Role of the Mohawk Institute in the Training of Indigenous Teachers in the Late 19th Century Alison Norman 4. Teaching Control and Service: The Use of Military Training at the Mohawk Institute Evan Habkirk 5. "New Weapons": Race, Indigeneity, and Intelligence Testing a thte Mohawk Institute, 1920 - 1949 Alexandra Giancarlo Part Three: The Building, The Grounds, and Commemoration 6. A "Model" School: An Architectural History of the Mohawk Institute Magdalena Miłosz 7. The Stewardship, Preservation, and Commemoration of the Mohawk Institute Cody Groat Part Four: Survival and Resistance 8. Ten Years of Student Resistance at the Mohawk Institute, 1903-1913 Diana Casillo 9. ęhǫwadihsadǫ ne:ˀhniˀ adigyenǫ:gyeˀs ganahaǫgwęˀ ęyagǫnhehgǫhǫ:k/They buried them, but they the seeds floated around what will sustain them. Teri Lyn Morrow, Bonnie Freeman, and Sandra Juutilainen Part Five: The New England Company and the Mohawk Institute 10. A Model to Follow?: The Sussex Vale Indian School Thomas Peace 11. Robert Ashton, The New England Company, and the Mohawk Institute, 1872-1910 Bill Acres 12. The Lands of the Mohawk Institute: Robert Ashton and the Demise of the New England Company's "Station," 1891 - 1922 Bill Acres Part Six: Student Experiences and Voices 13. Life at the Mohawk Institute During the 1860s Thomas Peace 14. Collecting the Evidence: Restoration and Archaeology at the Mohawk Institute Sarah Clarke, Paul Racher, and Tara Froman 15. Collective Trauma and the Role of Religion in the Mohawk Institute Experience Wendy Fletcher 16. Concluding Voices – Survivor Stories of Life Behind the Bricks Richard W. Hill, Sr. Closing Poems Jimmie Edgar Bud Whiteye David Monture Acknowledgements Appendix One: History of Six Nations Education by Jamieson Keith Jamieson Appendix Two: Mohawk Institute Students Who Became Teachers Suggested Reading