“This book is a descriptive account of an ongoing, intensifying contestation by Muslim groups over the semantics of Islam in the twenty-first century. ... This book will naturally appeal to anyone especially interested in international relations, Islamic studies, foreign policy, political economy and theology. The main takeaway here is understanding that the Muslim World is anything but static. Everything is to play for, at the top as well as at the bottom.” (Zeeshan Mahmood, the Muslim World Book Review, Vol. 45 (3), 2025)