Basic Science of Spinal Diseases

Alok D Sharan MDChief, Orthopedic Spine Service, Montefiore Medical Center; Assistant Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USASimon Y Tang PhDAssistant Professor, Orthopedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St Louis; Musculoskeletal Research Center, St Louis, Missouri, USAAlexander R Vaccaro MD PhDThomas Jefferson University and the Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

• Section 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Intervertebral Disc Anatomy and Structure of the Intervertebral DiscBiomechanics of Intervertebral DiscVascular Anatomy of the Endplates and Nutrient Supply of the DiscMuscular Anatomy of the SpineImaging of the Intervertebral DiscAnimal Models for Disc DegenerationAnimal Models of Back Pain and SciaticaAnimal Models for Spinal Deformity and their Role in the Development of Surgical Nonfusion AIS Treatments Section 2: Pathophysiology of the Intervertebral Disc Pathophysiology of Disc DegenerationGenetics of Disc DegenerationThe Role of Inflammation in Disc DegenerationUnderstanding the Pathways of PainTreatment Strategies to Regenerate the IVD Section 3: The Science of Spinal Instrumentation Implant Properties of Spinal InstrumentationBiomechanics of Spinal InstrumentationBiomechanics of Cervical Spine InstrumentationBiomechanics of Thoracolumbar InstrumentationBiomechanics of Lumbar Interbody FusionBiomechanics of Motion-Preserving ImplantsBiomechanics of Interspinous Process DevicesBiomechanics of Cement AugmentationImplant Design and TestingNavigating the Regulatory and Reimbursement Pathways  The Patent Process Section 4: The Science of Spinal Interventions Pharmaceutical Management of Spine PainBiochemistry of Epidural Steroid InjectionsBasic Science of Discography and Provocative TestingThe Use of Stem Cells in Spine SurgeryBiology of Spinal FusionBone Graft Extenders