Basic Anesthesia Review

Alaa Abd-Elsayed is Associate Professor of Anesthesiology at University of Wisconsin-Madison.

• BASIC SCIENCESAnatomy1. Topographical Anatomy as Landmarks2. General radiographic anatomy3. Neck anatomy4. Chest 5. Back and Pelvis6. Extremities7. Dermatome anatomy 8. Brain and Skull9. Spine anatomy 10. Abdominal Wall11. Upper Extremity 12. Lower Extremity Mechanics13. Pressure Measurement of Gases, Liquids14. Transducers, Regulators, Medical Gas Cylinders15. Principles of Ultrasound16. Flow Velocity17. Flowmeters18. Principles of Doppler Ultrasound19. Properties of Liquids, Gases, and Vapors20. Vapor Pressure and Calculation of Anesthetic Concentrations21. Vaporizer Types and Safety Features22. Uptake and Distribution of Inhalation Agents23. Uptake and Elimination Curves24. Concentration Effect25. Second Gas Effect26. Nitrous Oxide and Closed Spaces27. Principles28. Components29. Circle Systems30. Non-Circle Systems31. Portable Ventilation Devices32. Carbon Dioxide Absorption33. Toxicity of Inhaled Anesthetics34. Oxygen Supply Systems35. Waste Gas Evacuation Systems36. Safety Features (include disconnect monitors, line isolation monitors, and current leakage)37. Monitoring Methods38. Neuromuscular Function39. Mechanism of Pulmonary Ventilation40. Methods of Monitoring Oxygen41. Blood Pressure Monitoring Methods42. Heart Function: Heart tones, EKG, and Echo43. EchocardiographyInstrumentation44. Gas Concentrations45. Pressure Transducers46. Neurologic Function Monitors.47. Fluid Warmers and Autotransfusion Devices48. Body Warming Devices49. Mechanical Ventilators50. Defibrillators: Basic Physics and Anesthetic Implications51. Electrical; Fire and Explosion Hazards; Basic Electronics52. Intravascular PumpsMathematics53. Statistics and Simple Math in Anesthesia PracticePharmacology54. Pharmacokinetics and PHarmacodynamoics55. Drug Absroption and Distribution56. Pharmokinetics of Neuraxial Anesthesia57. Tolerance and Tachyphylaxis58. Termination of Action59. Impact of Renal Disease60. Impact of Hepatic Disease61. Drug Internations62. Hepatic Blood Flow63. Drug-Drug Binding64. Alternative and Herbal Medicines: Perioperative Implications65. Drug Reactions66. Anesthetics: Gases and Vapors67. Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC)68. Trace Concentrations, OR Pollution, Personnel Hazards69. Comparative Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Anesthetics70. Intravenous Opioid Anesthetics71. Substance Use Disorder72. Epidural and Intrathecal Anesthesia73.Barbiturates74. Propofol75. Etomidate76. Benzodiazepines77. Ketamine78. Dexmedetomidine79. Thiopental80. Sodium Bicarbonate81. Nitroglycerin and Sodium Nitroprusside82. Nicardipine and Other Antihypertensive Medications83. Calcium Channel Blockers84. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors85. Anticonvulsants86. Local Anesthetics87. Muscle Relaxants88. Medication Assisted Opioid Withdrawal89. Agents and Technqieus in Pediatric AnesthesiologyCLINICAL SCIENCESAnesthesia Procedures, Methods, and Techniques90. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Preoperative Testing Guidelines91. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation92. ASA Classification93. Prepartion for Anesthesia/Premedication94. Interaction with Chronic Drug Therapy95. Adverse Reactions to Premedications96. Drug Abuse97. Intraocular Pressure98. Uremia99. Increased Cerebro Spinal Fluid Pressure100. Chronic Steroid Ingestion101. Obstructive Sleep Apnea102. Depression103. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease104. Hypertension105. Malignancy106. Pediatric and Geriatric Doses, Routes of Administration107. Anesthetic Management of Patients with Allergies108. NPO and Full Stomach Status109. Alteration of Gastric Fluid Volume and pH, Sphincter Tone110. Continuation versus Discontinuation of Chronic Medications111. Prophylactic Cardiac Risk Reduction112. Prophylactic Antibiotics113. COMA114. Minimal Invasive Cardiac Surgery115. Abdonimal Aortic Aneurysm116, Anesthetic Choice in Reduced Renal Function117. Fluid Replacement Strategies and Controversies118. Problems of Termy and Delivery119. Nonobstetric Surgery During PregnancyRegional Anesthesia120. Spinal, Epidural, Caudal, Combined Spinal/Epidural121. Intravenous Regional Anesthesia122. Neuroaxial Anesthesia in ObstetricsGeneral Anesthesia123. Stages and Signs of Anesthesia124. Techniques of General Anesthesia125. Assessment/Identification of Difficult Airway126. Techniques for Managing Airway127. Airway Devices128. Surgical Airway129. Endobronchial Intubation130. Types of Endotracheal Tubes131. Supraglottic Secretion Sunctioning and LASER Safety Protocols132. Intravenous Fluid Therapy During Anesthesia133. Colloids, Albumin, Hetastarch, and Pentastarch134. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol for Fluid Therapy135. Acute Postoperative and Posttraumatic Pain136. Indications and Contraindications: Outpatient Pediatric Anesthesia in an Ambulatory Surgical CenterCommon Complications137. Trauma138. Vascular Injuries139. Neurological Complications140. Bruns141. Chronic Environmental Exposure142. Hypothermia143. Nonmalignant Hyperthermia144. Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor Toxicity145. Bronchospasm146. Latex Allergy147. Laryngospasm148. Postobstructive Pulmonary Edema149. Aspiration of Gastric Contents150. Malignant Hyperthermia151. Pain Relief152. Opiods153. Agonist-Antogonists154. Alpha-2 Agonists155. NSAIDS156. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists157. Tricyclic Antidepressants158. Slective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRIs)159. Other Modalities160. Acupuncture and Hypnosis161. Respiratory Consequences of General and Regiona Anesthesia162. Cardiovascualr Consequences of General and Regional Anesthesia163. Nausea and Vomiting164. Neuromusclar Complications of Anesthesia165. Neurologic Conseuqneces of AnesthesiaCentral Nervous SystemPhysiology166. Cerebral Cortex: Functional Organization167, Subcortical Areas168. Cerebral Blood Flow169. Pathophysiology of Ischemia/Hypoxia: Global vs. Focal, Glucose Effects170. Efffects of Brain Trauma or Tumors171. Cerebrospinal Fluid172. Blood-Brain Barrier173. Relation to Blood Chemistry and Acid-Base Balance174. Increased Intracranial Pressure175. Genreal Organization176. Spinal Cord Reflexes177. Spinal Cord Tracts178. Spinal Cord Morphology179. Neuromuscular Transmission180. Social, Vocational, and Psychological Influences on Pain Perception181. Sex, Gender, and Age Differences in Pain and Pain PerceptionAutomatic Nervous System182. The Sympathetic Nervous System183. The Parasympathetic Nervous System184. Termination of Action185. Ganglionic Transmition186. Autonomic Reflexes187. Afferent and Efferent LimbsTemperature Regulation188. Temperature Sensing, Heat Production, and Conservation189. Temperature Regulating Centers190. Heat Loss Mechanisms191. Body Temperature Measurement192. Effect of Drugs/Anesthetic Technique on Temperature RegulationBrain Anatomy193. Cerebral Cortex194. Cerebellum195. Brain Stem: Anatomy and Critical Role in Nausea and Vomiting196. Respiratory Cneters197. Reticular Activating System198. Cerebral Circulation; Circle of Willis, Venous Sinuses and DrainageSpinal Cord and Spine199. Variations in Vertebral Configuration200. Spinal Nerves201. Blood Supply202. Sacral Nerves203. Meninges204. Cranial Nerves205. Carotid and Aortic Bodies, Carotid Sinus206. Ganglia, Rami Communicantes, Sympathetic Chain207. Nociception208. Periphera Nociceptors209. Ascending Pathways and Descending inhibitionRespiratory SystemPhysiology210. Lung Functions, Cellular Processes, and Surfactants211. Lung Volumes and Capacities212. Pulmonary Function Tests and Spirometry213. Static, Dynamic Compliance and Airway Resistance214. Pleural Pressure Gradient, Flow-Vlume Loops and Hysteresis, Surfactant, Laplace Law215. Work of Breathing216. Regulation of Airway Caliber217. Ventilation: Perfusion218. Distribution of Ventilation219. Distribution of Perfusion220. Alveolar Gas Equation221. Diffusion and Pulmonary Diffusion Capacity222. Apneic Oxygenation and Diffusion Hypoxia223. Blood Gas224. Oxygen Transport225. Carbon Dioxide Transport226. Systemic Effects of Hypercarbia and Hypocarbia227. Systemic Effects of Hyperoxia and Hypoexemia228. Basic Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gas and Temperature Correction229. Repiratory Centers230. Central and Peripheral Chemoreceptors231. CO2 Response Curves232. Non-Repiratory Functions of Lungs: Metabolic, Immune233. Perioperative Smoking and Caffeine Use234. Special Considerations in Pediatric Otolaryngology Surgery235. Respiratory and Congenital Pediatric Airway ProblemsAnatomy236. Nasal Anatomy and Pathology237. Pharynx238. Larynx239. Innervation240. Vocal Cords241. Differences Between Infant and Adult Airway242. Structure and Relationships in Neck and Chest243. Muscles of RespirationPharmacology244. The Tracheobronchial Tree245. Beta-Agonists246. Anticholinergics247. Steroids248. Leukotriene Modifier Drugs249. Mast Cell Stabilizers250. Immunoglobulin E Blockers251. Cocaine PharmacologyCardiovascular SystemPhysiology252. Cardiac Cycle253. Control of Heart Rate254. Perioperative Use of Alcohol255. Synchronicity of Pressure256. Impulse Propagation257. Normal ECG and Electrophysiology258. Ventricular Function259. The Frank-Starling Law260. Force, Velocity, Length, Rate of Shortening261. Myocardial Contractility262. Myocardial Oxygen Utilization/Consumption263. Systolic and Diastolic function264. Cardiac Output: Fick Principle265. Venous Return266. Vessel Function267. Blood Volume and Distribution268. Blood Pressure269. Systolic, Diastolic, Mean, and Perfusion Pressures270. Intracardiac, Pulmonary and Venous Pressures271. Baroreceptor Function272. Systemic, Pulmonary Vascular Resistance and Viscosity273. Capillary Diffusion, Osmotic Pressure, Starling's Law274. Pre- and Post- Capillary Sphincter Control in Shock275. Viscosity276. Regional Blood Flow and Its Regulation277. Regulation of Circulation and Blood Volume278. Basics of Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationAnatomy279. Coronary Circulation280. Cardiac Glycosides281. Heart Conduction SystemPharmacology282. Phosphodiesterase III Inhibitors (Inotropic Dilators)283. Antiarrythmics284. Vasopressors and Inotropes285. Antianginal Drugs286. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers287. Vasodilators288. Electrolytes289. Non-Adrenergic VasoconstrictorsGastrointestinal/Hepatic Systems290. Hepatic Function and Metabolism291. Enhanced Recovery After Colorectal Surgery292. Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal and Hepatic SystemRenal System293. Renal and Urinary Systems/Electrolyte Balance294. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System295. Anatomy of the Kidney296. Diuretics297. Dopaminergic DrugsHematologic System298. Alternatives to Blood Transfusion299. Blood Transfusions300. Immunosuppressive and Anti-Rejection Drugs301. Transfusion Indications302.Complications of Transfusions303. Blood Preservation, Storage304. Blood Filters and Pumps305. Effects of Cooling and Heating306. Preparation for Transfusion307. Anesthetic Considerations for Reactions to Transfusions308. Synthetic and Recombinant Hemoglobins309. Massive Transfusion Protocol310. Anticoagulants, Antithrombotics, and Anti-Platelet DrugsEndocrine and Metabolic Systems311. Hypothalamus312. Pituatary Gland313. Thyroid314. Parathyroid Gland315. Adrenal Gland and Pancreas316. Adrenal Disease317. Biochemistry of Normal Body Metabolism318. Carbohydrates, Aerobic and Anaerobic Utilization, Chemical Processes and Enzymes319. Relationship to Hormones320. Glucagon and Caecholamines321. Effects of Stress322. Perioperative Management of Insulin323. Protein Function as Immunoglobulins and Hormones324. Protein Synthesis Structure, and Function325. Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (CAMP), Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (CGMP)326. Lipids: Triglycerides, Lipoproteins, Cholestorol327. Specific Organ MetabolismNeuromuscular Diseases and Disorders328. Prejunctional Components and Events329. Posjunctional Components and Events330. Perijunctional ChannelsSpecial Problems in Anesthesiology331. Physician Impairment and Disability: Substance Abuse, Fatigue, Aging, Visual and Auditory Impairment, American Disabilities Act 332. Physician Wellness333.Professionalism and Licensure334. Ethics: Advance Directive, DNR/Suspend Orders, HIPAA335. Informed Consent336. Medical Errors337. Shared Decision-Making338. Disclosure of Errors to Patients339. Core Competencies340. Approach to Anesthesiology Exams: BASIC and ADVANCED