Susanna Schrafstetter is a L=lecturer in history at the University of Glamorgan, Wales. She earned her PhD in 1998 from the University of Munich, Germany, and is currently teaching as a Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Her research interests include nuclear history, especially non-proliferation policy, Anglo-German relations, and the Cold War. She has published articles in Contemporary European History, Diplomacy & Statecraft and Journal of Strategic Studies.Stephen Twigge is an Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of Science and Technology Studies, University College, London. He was formerly a Research Associate in the Department of International Politics, University of Wales, Aberystwyth. He has written widely in the field of nuclear history and international relations and is the author (with Len Scott) of Planning Armageddon: Britain, the United States and the Command of Western Nuclear Forces, 1945-1964.

• Introduction The International Option: UN Control of Nuclear Weapons, 1945-1948 The Commercial Option: Nuclear Warfare? Atoms for Peace and the UN Disarmament Commission, 1948-1958 The Moral Option: Western Europe and the Test Ban Treaty Negotiations, 1954-1963 The Multilateral Option: Alliance Cohesion and Collective Nuclear Forces, 1957-1965 The Legal Options: Negotiations for the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty, 1961-1969 Conclusion Bibliography

"As Americans and Europeans debate global priorities and nuclear terror, this studied history of trans-Atlantic nuclear relations takes on added import. Schrafstetter and Twigge present a sophisticated and readable portrayal of the varied motives of the major powers, the realities of power and influence, and occasionally principled policymaking. . . . Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates and beyond." - Choice

Susanna Schrafstetter is a L=lecturer in history at the University of Glamorgan, Wales. She earned her PhD in 1998 from the University of Munich, Germany, and is currently teaching as a Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Her research interests include nuclear history, especially non-proliferation policy, Anglo-German relations, and the Cold War. She has published articles in Contemporary European History, Diplomacy & Statecraft and Journal of Strategic Studies.Stephen Twigge is an Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of Science and Technology Studies, University College, London. He was formerly a Research Associate in the Department of International Politics, University of Wales, Aberystwyth. He has written widely in the field of nuclear history and international relations and is the author (with Len Scott) of Planning Armageddon: Britain, the United States and the Command of Western Nuclear Forces, 1945-1964.

• Introduction The International Option: UN Control of Nuclear Weapons, 1945-1948 The Commercial Option: Nuclear Warfare? Atoms for Peace and the UN Disarmament Commission, 1948-1958 The Moral Option: Western Europe and the Test Ban Treaty Negotiations, 1954-1963 The Multilateral Option: Alliance Cohesion and Collective Nuclear Forces, 1957-1965 The Legal Options: Negotiations for the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty, 1961-1969 Conclusion Bibliography

"As Americans and Europeans debate global priorities and nuclear terror, this studied history of trans-Atlantic nuclear relations takes on added import. Schrafstetter and Twigge present a sophisticated and readable portrayal of the varied motives of the major powers, the realities of power and influence, and occasionally principled policymaking. . . . Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates and beyond." - Choice

Susanna Schrafstetter is a L=lecturer in history at the University of Glamorgan, Wales. She earned her PhD in 1998 from the University of Munich, Germany, and is currently teaching as a Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Her research interests include nuclear history, especially non-proliferation policy, Anglo-German relations, and the Cold War. She has published articles in Contemporary European History, Diplomacy & Statecraft and Journal of Strategic Studies.Stephen Twigge is an Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of Science and Technology Studies, University College, London. He was formerly a Research Associate in the Department of International Politics, University of Wales, Aberystwyth. He has written widely in the field of nuclear history and international relations and is the author (with Len Scott) of Planning Armageddon: Britain, the United States and the Command of Western Nuclear Forces, 1945-1964.

• Introduction The International Option: UN Control of Nuclear Weapons, 1945-1948 The Commercial Option: Nuclear Warfare? Atoms for Peace and the UN Disarmament Commission, 1948-1958 The Moral Option: Western Europe and the Test Ban Treaty Negotiations, 1954-1963 The Multilateral Option: Alliance Cohesion and Collective Nuclear Forces, 1957-1965 The Legal Options: Negotiations for the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty, 1961-1969 Conclusion Bibliography

"As Americans and Europeans debate global priorities and nuclear terror, this studied history of trans-Atlantic nuclear relations takes on added import. Schrafstetter and Twigge present a sophisticated and readable portrayal of the varied motives of the major powers, the realities of power and influence, and occasionally principled policymaking. . . . Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates and beyond." - Choice