JON HAMKINS, PhD, is the Technical Supervisor of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Information Processing Group. Dr. Hamkins, a Senior Member of the IEEE, has been awarded several NASA Tech Briefs for his innovations in signal processing, coding theory, and optical communications. MARVIN K. SIMON, PhD, is a Senior Research Engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. His research in modulation, coding, and synchronization has been instrumental in the design of many of NASA's deep space and near earth missions, for which he has been awarded dozens of patents and awards. This is Dr. Simon's twelfth book.