• I. Background.- 1.1. Introduction.- I.2. General Theoretical Grounding.- I.3. Setting.- II. Individual and Collaborative Construction of Knowledge.- II. 1. Individual Construction of Knowledge.- II.2. Individual Constructions.- II.3. Learning as Situated Activity.- II.4. Collaborative Constructions.- II.5. Studies on Collaborative Concept Mapping.- II.6. Tools for Social Thinking.- III. Framing and Solving Problems.- III. 1. Overview of Problem-Solving Research.- III.2. Problem-Setting.- III.3. Teacher Effects in Problem Setting.- III.4. Finding Solutions.- III.5. Concrete Modes of Thinking.- IV. Interactions.- IV. 1. Characteristics of Student-Student Interactions.- IV.2. Interactional Processes.- IV.3. Structure of Interactions.- IV.4. Communities of Knowledge.- IV.5. A Framework for Teacher-Student Interactions.- IV.6. Aprrenticeship in Science Classrooms.- IV.7. Microanalyses of Cognitive Apprenticeship.- Conclusion.- Review of the Findings.- Rethinking Learning Environments.- Epilogue.- Credo.- Changing Practice.

' Roth has written a stimulating book. I found much in it to enjoy, and much that I want to return to and think about further. It is clearly written and, despite its often challenging subject matter, easy to read. ... This is a book which should be read by everyone interested in the practice of science education.' Studies in Science Education, 27 (1996)