Dr Frank Sauer is a Senior Research Fellow and Lecturer at Bundeswehr University Munich, in Germany. His research focuses on international security, and he publishes on nuclear issues, cyber security, terrorism, arms control, and the growing use of unmanned and robotic systems by the military. He also advises political and military decision-makers on these matters.

• 1. Introduction: Hiroshima, Nagasaki and the Puzzling Non-use of U.S. Nuclear Weapons after 1945 2. Explaining Nuclear Non-use: Nuclear Deterrence, the Nuclear Taboo, the Tradition of Non-use and Identifying Causal Factors 3. Understanding Nuclear Non-use: Focusing on Meaning, Language and Agency 4. Revisiting Nuclear Non-use: The Cuban Missile Crisis, Presidential Language and the Study of Atomic Anxiety as a Key Emotion in International Politics 5. Conclusion: The Danger of Complacency in Nuclear Policy-making

"Sauer ... shed new light on a phenomenon (and on a country case) that has been explored already in detail and from different perspectives ... . Regarding research design, Sauer skilfully navigates between utilizing, criticizing and enriching the state of the art, and between methodological reflexivity and pragmatism. Regarding theory building, his micro-level focus on individuals, as well as on emotions and fear in particular, opens up new perspectives for research on international norms and for International Relations in general." (Elvira Rosert, International Affairs, Vol. 92 (5), 2016)

Dr Frank Sauer is a Senior Research Fellow and Lecturer at Bundeswehr University Munich, in Germany. His research focuses on international security, and he publishes on nuclear issues, cyber security, terrorism, arms control, and the growing use of unmanned and robotic systems by the military. He also advises political and military decision-makers on these matters.

• 1. Introduction: Hiroshima, Nagasaki and the Puzzling Non-use of U.S. Nuclear Weapons after 1945 2. Explaining Nuclear Non-use: Nuclear Deterrence, the Nuclear Taboo, the Tradition of Non-use and Identifying Causal Factors 3. Understanding Nuclear Non-use: Focusing on Meaning, Language and Agency 4. Revisiting Nuclear Non-use: The Cuban Missile Crisis, Presidential Language and the Study of Atomic Anxiety as a Key Emotion in International Politics 5. Conclusion: The Danger of Complacency in Nuclear Policy-making

"Sauer ... shed new light on a phenomenon (and on a country case) that has been explored already in detail and from different perspectives ... . Regarding research design, Sauer skilfully navigates between utilizing, criticizing and enriching the state of the art, and between methodological reflexivity and pragmatism. Regarding theory building, his micro-level focus on individuals, as well as on emotions and fear in particular, opens up new perspectives for research on international norms and for International Relations in general." (Elvira Rosert, International Affairs, Vol. 92 (5), 2016)

Dr Frank Sauer is a Senior Research Fellow and Lecturer at Bundeswehr University Munich, in Germany. His research focuses on international security, and he publishes on nuclear issues, cyber security, terrorism, arms control, and the growing use of unmanned and robotic systems by the military. He also advises political and military decision-makers on these matters.

• 1. Introduction: Hiroshima, Nagasaki and the Puzzling Non-use of U.S. Nuclear Weapons after 1945 2. Explaining Nuclear Non-use: Nuclear Deterrence, the Nuclear Taboo, the Tradition of Non-use and Identifying Causal Factors 3. Understanding Nuclear Non-use: Focusing on Meaning, Language and Agency 4. Revisiting Nuclear Non-use: The Cuban Missile Crisis, Presidential Language and the Study of Atomic Anxiety as a Key Emotion in International Politics 5. Conclusion: The Danger of Complacency in Nuclear Policy-making

"Sauer ... shed new light on a phenomenon (and on a country case) that has been explored already in detail and from different perspectives ... . Regarding research design, Sauer skilfully navigates between utilizing, criticizing and enriching the state of the art, and between methodological reflexivity and pragmatism. Regarding theory building, his micro-level focus on individuals, as well as on emotions and fear in particular, opens up new perspectives for research on international norms and for International Relations in general." (Elvira Rosert, International Affairs, Vol. 92 (5), 2016)