Artificial Intelligence

Alfio Quarteroni is an Emeritus Professor at Politecnico di Milano, Milan and at EPFL, Lausanne as well as a senior research fellow at University of Texas, Austin. He is the founder of MOX and co-founder of MOXOFF, a spin-off company at Politecnico di Milano. Quarteroni is a member of several prestigious academies, including the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, the European Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Europe, the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, and the Italian Academy of Engineering and Technology. He has authored 25 books and more than 400 research papers. Quarteroni has been honored with numerous awards, including the NASA CFD Award in 1992, the International Galileo Galilei Prize for Sciences in 2015, the ECCOMAS Euler Medal in 2022, the ICIAM Lagrange Prize in 2023, the Blaise Pascal Prize for Mathematics in 2024, the Ritz-Galerkin medal in 2024, the Ralph Kleinman Prize in 2025.

• 1 Introduction.- 2 The Early Pages of AI: Between Dream and Reality.- 3 Shining Light on AI.- 4 Machine Learning: when Computers Learn (on Their Own!).- 5 Mathematics...the Bare Minimum.- 6 What Data for Learning, and What Kind of Learning?.- 7 Generative AI: the Sudden Boom.- 8 AI is not just Generative.- 9 AI in Science.- 10 Where Do we Stand and a Look into the Futur.- 11 Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence.- 12 Black, White, and Grey Boxes: a New Frontier, from Big Data to Big Science.- 13 Dialoguing with ChatGPT4.- 14 Conclusion and Further Insights.- 15 Addendum: A brief mathematical digression on complexity, reproducibility, transparency, and explainability of AI.