Gisele Arruda is a professor and interdisciplinary researcher scientist in circumpolar studies, climate change adaptation, geo-strategy and innovation. She studied two PhDs, and she works on the interfaces between science, industry and policy related to climate change adaptation, Arctic geopolitics, energy systems, sustainable development, environmental management and innovation, decarbonization, Arctic and global governance, international business and management and socio-technical systems, risks and hazards (preparedness and nuclear capabilities). She is a scientific member of NATO, and she belongs to multidisciplinary research institutions in the US, Canada, Europe, Nordic countries and the UK. Latest publications are Climate Change Adaptation and Green Finance and Corporate Social Responsibility in the Arctic by Routledge.

• List of figures and tables Acknowledgements1. International security and geopolitical development: Overview on climate science, peace and security2. Climate Change, Environment and Security: Framing the problem of exponential risks3. The effects of climate change on security and defence energy systems. Decarbonization of Defence Systems4. The Defence Industry – Strategy and Technological Innovation; socio-technical systems in defence5. Evolving landscapes: how environmental change impacts defence strategy6. Militarization of the High North: ongoing process in new circumstances7. NATO Arctic Strategy: measuring defence capabilities8. Human Security of the Arctic Indigenous People – Climate change and Military security9. The Future of the Arctic: sustainable environmental multilateralism versus (pan) regional confrontation10. Nuclear Risks and Emergency in the maritime Arctic

Gisele Arruda is a professor and interdisciplinary researcher scientist in circumpolar studies, climate change adaptation, geo-strategy and innovation. She studied two PhDs, and she works on the interfaces between science, industry and policy related to climate change adaptation, Arctic geopolitics, energy systems, sustainable development, environmental management and innovation, decarbonization, Arctic and global governance, international business and management and socio-technical systems, risks and hazards (preparedness and nuclear capabilities). She is a scientific member of NATO, and she belongs to multidisciplinary research institutions in the US, Canada, Europe, Nordic countries and the UK. Latest publications are Climate Change Adaptation and Green Finance and Corporate Social Responsibility in the Arctic by Routledge.

• List of figures and tables Acknowledgements1. International security and geopolitical development: Overview on climate science, peace and security2. Climate Change, Environment and Security: Framing the problem of exponential risks3. The effects of climate change on security and defence energy systems. Decarbonization of Defence Systems4. The Defence Industry – Strategy and Technological Innovation; socio-technical systems in defence5. Evolving landscapes: how environmental change impacts defence strategy6. Militarization of the High North: ongoing process in new circumstances7. NATO Arctic Strategy: measuring defence capabilities8. Human Security of the Arctic Indigenous People – Climate change and Military security9. The Future of the Arctic: sustainable environmental multilateralism versus (pan) regional confrontation10. Nuclear Risks and Emergency in the maritime Arctic

Gisele Arruda is a professor and interdisciplinary researcher scientist in circumpolar studies, climate change adaptation, geo-strategy and innovation. She studied two PhDs, and she works on the interfaces between science, industry and policy related to climate change adaptation, Arctic geopolitics, energy systems, sustainable development, environmental management and innovation, decarbonization, Arctic and global governance, international business and management and socio-technical systems, risks and hazards (preparedness and nuclear capabilities). She is a scientific member of NATO, and she belongs to multidisciplinary research institutions in the US, Canada, Europe, Nordic countries and the UK. Latest publications are Climate Change Adaptation and Green Finance and Corporate Social Responsibility in the Arctic by Routledge.

• List of figures and tables Acknowledgements1. International security and geopolitical development: Overview on climate science, peace and security2. Climate Change, Environment and Security: Framing the problem of exponential risks3. The effects of climate change on security and defence energy systems. Decarbonization of Defence Systems4. The Defence Industry – Strategy and Technological Innovation; socio-technical systems in defence5. Evolving landscapes: how environmental change impacts defence strategy6. Militarization of the High North: ongoing process in new circumstances7. NATO Arctic Strategy: measuring defence capabilities8. Human Security of the Arctic Indigenous People – Climate change and Military security9. The Future of the Arctic: sustainable environmental multilateralism versus (pan) regional confrontation10. Nuclear Risks and Emergency in the maritime Arctic