Felicity Huntingford is Emeritus Professor of Functional Ecology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow. Malcolm Jobling is Professor of Aquaculture at BFE, University of Tromsø, Norway.Sunil Kadri is an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Glasgow, UK and Director of OptoSwim Technologies Ltd., UK, Europharma Scotland Ltd. UK & AQ1 Systems Ltd., Australia.

• Contributors xiii Preface xivForeword by V.O. Crampton xvi1 Introduction: Aquaculture and Behaviour 1Felicity Huntingford, Sunil Kadri and Malcolm Jobling1.1 Why behaviour and aquaculture? 11.2 About aquaculture 21.3 Introducing the spotlight species 71.4 About behaviour 141.5 Fish welfare 201.6 Domestication, captive rearing and behaviour 241.6.1 Domestication and captive rearing 241.7 Criteria for effective and sustainable fish culture 271.8 Structure and content of this book 322 Fish in Aquaculture Environments 36Malcolm Jobling2.1 Introduction 362.2 Locomotion and swimming ability 372.3 Sensing environmental stimuli 392.4 Internal communication systems 472.5 Coping with adverse conditions 522.6 Contrasts in life history patterns and reproductive biology 552.7 Life history programming 582.8 Synopsis 613 Tools for Studying the Behaviour of Farmed Fish 65Marie Laure Bégout, Sunil Kadri, Felicity Huntingford and Børge Damsgård3.1 Introduction 653.2 Describing and measuring behaviour 663.3 What we need to know about the behaviour of farmed fish 673.4 Indirect reconstruction of the behaviour of cultured fish 673.5 Methods of marking and tagging fish 693.6 Direct behavioural observation via video monitoring 713.7 Direct behavioural monitoring using electronic tags 743.8 Direct behavioural monitoring using echo integration 773.9 Measuring feeding behaviour in farmed fish 783.10 Synopsis 824 Movement and Orientation 87Felicity Huntingford, William Hunter and Victoria Braithwaite4.1 Introduction 874.2 Mechanisms 894.3 Development 934.4 Functions 964.5 Implications for aquaculture 1004.6 Synopsis 1125 Feeding Biology and Foraging 121Malcolm Jobling, Anders Alanärä, Sunil Kadri and Felicity Huntingford5.1 Introduction to the feeding biology of fishes 1215.2 Foraging strategies of wild fish 1225.3 Mechanisms 1245.4 Development 1295.5 Functions 1325.6 Implications for aquaculture 1345.7 Synopsis 1436 Nutrition and Diet Choice 150David Raubenheimer, Steve Simpson, Javier Sánchez-Vázquez, Felicity Huntingford, Sunil Kadri and Malcolm Jobling6.1 Introduction to what fish eat 1506.2 Mechanisms 1526.3 Development 1576.4 Functions 1616.5 Implications for aquaculture 1666.6 Synopsis 1767 Appetite and Feed Intake 183Malcolm Jobling, Anders Alanärä, Chris Noble, Javier Sánchez-Vázquez, Sunil Kadri and Felicity Huntingford7.1 Introduction 1837.2 Mechanisms 1897.3 Development 1957.4 Functions 1987.5 Implications for aquaculture 2007.6 Synopsis 2098 Avoiding Predators 220Felicity Huntingford, Susan Coyle and William Hunter8.1 Introduction 2208.2 Mechanisms 2248.3 Development 2258.4 Functions 2298.5 Implications for aquaculture 2328.6 Synopsis 2409 Fighting and Aggression 248Børge Damsgård and Felicity Huntingford9.1 Introduction 2489.2 Mechanisms 2519.3 Development 2569.4 Functions 2609.5 Implications for aquaculture 2639.6 Synopsis 27710 Reproductive Behaviour 286Ian A. Fleming and Felicity Huntingford10.1 Introduction 28610.2 Mechanisms 29110.3 Development 29510.4 Functions 29710.5 Implications for aquaculture 30210.6 Solutions 31010.7 Synopsis 31411 Conclusions: Aquaculture and Behaviour 322Felicity Huntingford, Malcolm Jobling and Sunil Kadri11.1 The relevance of behaviour in current aquaculture systems 32211.2 The relevance of behaviour in future aquaculture systems 327Index 333

Felicity Huntingford is Emeritus Professor of Functional Ecology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow. Malcolm Jobling is Professor of Aquaculture at BFE, University of Tromsø, Norway.Sunil Kadri is an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Glasgow, UK and Director of OptoSwim Technologies Ltd., UK, Europharma Scotland Ltd. UK & AQ1 Systems Ltd., Australia.

• Contributors xiii Preface xivForeword by V.O. Crampton xvi1 Introduction: Aquaculture and Behaviour 1Felicity Huntingford, Sunil Kadri and Malcolm Jobling1.1 Why behaviour and aquaculture? 11.2 About aquaculture 21.3 Introducing the spotlight species 71.4 About behaviour 141.5 Fish welfare 201.6 Domestication, captive rearing and behaviour 241.6.1 Domestication and captive rearing 241.7 Criteria for effective and sustainable fish culture 271.8 Structure and content of this book 322 Fish in Aquaculture Environments 36Malcolm Jobling2.1 Introduction 362.2 Locomotion and swimming ability 372.3 Sensing environmental stimuli 392.4 Internal communication systems 472.5 Coping with adverse conditions 522.6 Contrasts in life history patterns and reproductive biology 552.7 Life history programming 582.8 Synopsis 613 Tools for Studying the Behaviour of Farmed Fish 65Marie Laure Bégout, Sunil Kadri, Felicity Huntingford and Børge Damsgård3.1 Introduction 653.2 Describing and measuring behaviour 663.3 What we need to know about the behaviour of farmed fish 673.4 Indirect reconstruction of the behaviour of cultured fish 673.5 Methods of marking and tagging fish 693.6 Direct behavioural observation via video monitoring 713.7 Direct behavioural monitoring using electronic tags 743.8 Direct behavioural monitoring using echo integration 773.9 Measuring feeding behaviour in farmed fish 783.10 Synopsis 824 Movement and Orientation 87Felicity Huntingford, William Hunter and Victoria Braithwaite4.1 Introduction 874.2 Mechanisms 894.3 Development 934.4 Functions 964.5 Implications for aquaculture 1004.6 Synopsis 1125 Feeding Biology and Foraging 121Malcolm Jobling, Anders Alanärä, Sunil Kadri and Felicity Huntingford5.1 Introduction to the feeding biology of fishes 1215.2 Foraging strategies of wild fish 1225.3 Mechanisms 1245.4 Development 1295.5 Functions 1325.6 Implications for aquaculture 1345.7 Synopsis 1436 Nutrition and Diet Choice 150David Raubenheimer, Steve Simpson, Javier Sánchez-Vázquez, Felicity Huntingford, Sunil Kadri and Malcolm Jobling6.1 Introduction to what fish eat 1506.2 Mechanisms 1526.3 Development 1576.4 Functions 1616.5 Implications for aquaculture 1666.6 Synopsis 1767 Appetite and Feed Intake 183Malcolm Jobling, Anders Alanärä, Chris Noble, Javier Sánchez-Vázquez, Sunil Kadri and Felicity Huntingford7.1 Introduction 1837.2 Mechanisms 1897.3 Development 1957.4 Functions 1987.5 Implications for aquaculture 2007.6 Synopsis 2098 Avoiding Predators 220Felicity Huntingford, Susan Coyle and William Hunter8.1 Introduction 2208.2 Mechanisms 2248.3 Development 2258.4 Functions 2298.5 Implications for aquaculture 2328.6 Synopsis 2409 Fighting and Aggression 248Børge Damsgård and Felicity Huntingford9.1 Introduction 2489.2 Mechanisms 2519.3 Development 2569.4 Functions 2609.5 Implications for aquaculture 2639.6 Synopsis 27710 Reproductive Behaviour 286Ian A. Fleming and Felicity Huntingford10.1 Introduction 28610.2 Mechanisms 29110.3 Development 29510.4 Functions 29710.5 Implications for aquaculture 30210.6 Solutions 31010.7 Synopsis 31411 Conclusions: Aquaculture and Behaviour 322Felicity Huntingford, Malcolm Jobling and Sunil Kadri11.1 The relevance of behaviour in current aquaculture systems 32211.2 The relevance of behaviour in future aquaculture systems 327Index 333

Felicity Huntingford is Emeritus Professor of Functional Ecology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow. Malcolm Jobling is Professor of Aquaculture at BFE, University of Tromsø, Norway.Sunil Kadri is an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Glasgow, UK and Director of OptoSwim Technologies Ltd., UK, Europharma Scotland Ltd. UK & AQ1 Systems Ltd., Australia.

• Contributors xiii Preface xivForeword by V.O. Crampton xvi1 Introduction: Aquaculture and Behaviour 1Felicity Huntingford, Sunil Kadri and Malcolm Jobling1.1 Why behaviour and aquaculture? 11.2 About aquaculture 21.3 Introducing the spotlight species 71.4 About behaviour 141.5 Fish welfare 201.6 Domestication, captive rearing and behaviour 241.6.1 Domestication and captive rearing 241.7 Criteria for effective and sustainable fish culture 271.8 Structure and content of this book 322 Fish in Aquaculture Environments 36Malcolm Jobling2.1 Introduction 362.2 Locomotion and swimming ability 372.3 Sensing environmental stimuli 392.4 Internal communication systems 472.5 Coping with adverse conditions 522.6 Contrasts in life history patterns and reproductive biology 552.7 Life history programming 582.8 Synopsis 613 Tools for Studying the Behaviour of Farmed Fish 65Marie Laure Bégout, Sunil Kadri, Felicity Huntingford and Børge Damsgård3.1 Introduction 653.2 Describing and measuring behaviour 663.3 What we need to know about the behaviour of farmed fish 673.4 Indirect reconstruction of the behaviour of cultured fish 673.5 Methods of marking and tagging fish 693.6 Direct behavioural observation via video monitoring 713.7 Direct behavioural monitoring using electronic tags 743.8 Direct behavioural monitoring using echo integration 773.9 Measuring feeding behaviour in farmed fish 783.10 Synopsis 824 Movement and Orientation 87Felicity Huntingford, William Hunter and Victoria Braithwaite4.1 Introduction 874.2 Mechanisms 894.3 Development 934.4 Functions 964.5 Implications for aquaculture 1004.6 Synopsis 1125 Feeding Biology and Foraging 121Malcolm Jobling, Anders Alanärä, Sunil Kadri and Felicity Huntingford5.1 Introduction to the feeding biology of fishes 1215.2 Foraging strategies of wild fish 1225.3 Mechanisms 1245.4 Development 1295.5 Functions 1325.6 Implications for aquaculture 1345.7 Synopsis 1436 Nutrition and Diet Choice 150David Raubenheimer, Steve Simpson, Javier Sánchez-Vázquez, Felicity Huntingford, Sunil Kadri and Malcolm Jobling6.1 Introduction to what fish eat 1506.2 Mechanisms 1526.3 Development 1576.4 Functions 1616.5 Implications for aquaculture 1666.6 Synopsis 1767 Appetite and Feed Intake 183Malcolm Jobling, Anders Alanärä, Chris Noble, Javier Sánchez-Vázquez, Sunil Kadri and Felicity Huntingford7.1 Introduction 1837.2 Mechanisms 1897.3 Development 1957.4 Functions 1987.5 Implications for aquaculture 2007.6 Synopsis 2098 Avoiding Predators 220Felicity Huntingford, Susan Coyle and William Hunter8.1 Introduction 2208.2 Mechanisms 2248.3 Development 2258.4 Functions 2298.5 Implications for aquaculture 2328.6 Synopsis 2409 Fighting and Aggression 248Børge Damsgård and Felicity Huntingford9.1 Introduction 2489.2 Mechanisms 2519.3 Development 2569.4 Functions 2609.5 Implications for aquaculture 2639.6 Synopsis 27710 Reproductive Behaviour 286Ian A. Fleming and Felicity Huntingford10.1 Introduction 28610.2 Mechanisms 29110.3 Development 29510.4 Functions 29710.5 Implications for aquaculture 30210.6 Solutions 31010.7 Synopsis 31411 Conclusions: Aquaculture and Behaviour 322Felicity Huntingford, Malcolm Jobling and Sunil Kadri11.1 The relevance of behaviour in current aquaculture systems 32211.2 The relevance of behaviour in future aquaculture systems 327Index 333