Jean Palutikof is the Director of the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) where she has built a national program of adaptation research, communication and partnerships. Prior to joining NCCARF she managed the production of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report for Working Group II (Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability). Her research interests focus on climate change impacts, and the application of climatic data to economic and planning issues.Sarah Boulter is a Research Fellow with NCCARF where she works on synthesis and communication of adaptation research. Her research background includes studies of biodiversity and reproductive ecology of forested systems and the impacts of climate change.Jon Barnett is a Professor and Australian Research Council Future Fellow in Geography at The University of Melbourne. He is a political geographer who researches the impacts of and responses to environmental change on social systems in Australia, East Asia and the South Pacific.David Rissik is Deputy Director (General Manager) of the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility responsible for the day-to-day management of the Facility and the Synthesis and Integrative Research Program.  He has interest and experience in the delivery of applied research to practitioners in ways that are easily accessible and useful.  His research background is in coastal and estuarine ecology and management.

• List of Contributors ixAcknowledgements xv1 Introduction to the book 1Jean P. Palutikof Sarah L. Boulter Jon Barnett and David Rissik2 Adaptation as a field of research and practice: notes from the frontiers of adaptation 6Jean P. Palutikof Jon Barnett Sarah L. Boulter and David RissikSECTION 1 Frameworks for enabling adaptation 213 Thoughts on the context of adaptation to climate change 23Gary Yohe4 Reflections on disaster loss trends global climate change and insurance 26John Mcaneney Ryan Crompton Rade Musulin George Walker Delphine Mcaneney and Roger Pielke Jr5 Designing spatial adaptation planning instruments 34Andrew Macintosh Jan Mcdonald and Anita Foerster6 Public risk perceptions understandings and responses to climate change 43Joseph P. Reser Graham L. Bradley and Michelle C. Ellul7 Bridging the gap between researchers and decision-makers 51Danielle C. Verdon-Kidd Anthony S. Kiem and Emma K. AustinSECTION 2 M anaging ecosystems under climate change 618 The challenge of biodiversity adaptation under climate change 63Jonathan T. Overpeck9 Management options for bird conservation in the face of climate change 68Donald C. Franklin April E. Reside and Stephen T. Garnett10 Methods to prioritise adaptation options for iconic seabirds and marine mammals impacted by climate change 77Alistair J. Hobday Lynda E. Chambers and John P.Y. Arnould11 Climate adaptation and adaptive management planning for the Macquarie Marshes: a wetland of international importance 95Gilad bino richard t. Kingsford and Kim Jenkins12 Conservation of Australian plant-dwelling invertebrates in a changing climate 107Melinda L. MoirSECTION 3 Farming 11713 Agricultural adaptations: social context and complexity 119John Morton14 Farmer decision-making under climate change: a real options analysis 122Greg Hertzler Todd Sanderson Tim Capon Peter Hayman Ross Kingwell Anthea Mcclintock Jason Crean and Alan Randall15 Broadacre farmers adapting to a changing climate 130Ross Kingwell Lucy Anderton Nazrul Islam Vilaphonh Xayavong Angela Wardell-Johnson David Feldman and Jane Speijers16 Growth opportunities for marine fisheries and aquaculture industries in a changing climate 139Alistair J. Hobday Rodrigo H. Bustamante Anna Farmery Aysha Fleming Stewart Frusher Bridget S. Green Lilly Lim-Camacho James Innes Sarah Jennings Ana Norman-López Sean Pascoe Gretta T. Pecl Éva E. Plagányi-Lloyd Peggy Schrobback Oliver Thebaud Linda Thomas and E. Ingrid van Putten17 Water tariffs and farmer adaptation: the case of Goulburn–Murray Water Victoria Australia 156Bethany Cooper Lin Crase and Nicholas Pawsey18 The role of water markets in helping irrigators adapt to water scarcity in the Murray–Darling Basin Australia 166Sarah Ann Wheeler Adam Loch and Jane EdwardsSECTION 4 Coasts 17519 Raising the seas rising to greatness? Meeting the challenge of coastal climate change 177Susanne C. Moser20 A framework for modelling the risks of climate-change impacts on Australian coasts 181Colin Woodroffe Dave Callaghan Peter Cowell David Wainwright Kerrylee Rogers and Roshanka Ranasinghe21 Navigating from climate change impacts to adaptation actions in coastal ecosystems 190Wade L. Hadwen and Samantha J. Capon22 Enhancing the resilience of seaports to a changing climate 200Darryn Mcevoy and Jane Mullett23 Equity economic efficiency and institutional capacity in adapting coastal settlements 208Cameron S. Fletcher Bruce M. Taylor Alicia N. Rambaldi Ben P. Harman Sonja Heyenga K. Renuka Ganegodage Felix Lipkin and Ryan R. J. Mcallister24 Who should do what? Public perceptions on responsibility for sea-level rise adaptation 216Elissa Waters and Jon BarnettSECTION 5 Building resilience among vulnerable groups 22525 The ‘turn to capacity’ in vulnerability research 227Hallie Eakin26 The limits to adaptation: a comparative analysis 231Jon Barnett and Jean P. Palutikof27 Adaptation to extreme heat and climate change in culturally and linguistically diverse communities 241Alana Hansen Monika Nitschke and Peng Bi28 Experiences of resettled refugees during the 2011 Queensland floods 250Ignacio Correa-Velez Celia Mcmichael Sandra M. Gifford and Augustine Conteh29 Vulnerability to climate change among disadvantaged groups: the role of social exclusion 258Arusyak Sevoyan and Graeme Hugo30 Adapting the community sector for climate extremes 266Emily Hamilton and Karl MallonSECTION 6 Indigenous experience of climate change 28131 Continuity and change: Indigenous Australia and the imperative of adaptation 283Meg Parsons32 Housing households and climate change adaptation in the town camps of Alice Springs 289Ralph Horne and Andrew Martel33 Indigenous experiences and responses to Cyclone Tracy 297Katharine Haynes Deanne K. Bird and Dean B. Carson34 Indigenous governance and climate change adaptation: two native title case studies from Australia 307Tran Tran Jessica K. Weir Lisa M. Strelein and Claire Stacey35 Indigenous adaptation to climate change: the Arabana 316Melissa Nursey-Bray Deane Fergie Veronica Arbon Lester-Irabinna Rigney Rob Palmer John Tibby Nick Harvey Lucy Hackworth and Aaron StuartSECTION 7 Settlements and housing 32736 Contextualising the challenge of adapting human settlements 329William D. Solecki37 Climate change and the future of Australia’s country towns 332Andrew Beer Selina Tually Michael Kroehn John Martin Rolf Gerritsen Mike Taylor Michelle Graymore and Julia Law38 Robust optimisation of urban drought security for an uncertain climate 342Mohammad Mortazavi-Naeini George Kuczera Anthony S. Kiem Lijie Cui Benjamin Henley Brendan Berghout and Emma Turner39 How to cope with heat waves in the home 354Wasim Saman Stephen Pullen and John Boland40 Pathways for adaptation of low-income housing to extreme heat 364Guy Barnett R. Matthew Beaty Jacqui Meyers Dong Chen and Stephen Mcfallan41 Climate change adaptation in the rental sector 372Lesley Instone Kathleen J. Mee Jane Palmer Miriam Williams and Nicola VaughanSECTION 8 A daptation and disaster management 38142 Practical adaptation: past present and future 383Ian Burton43 Community resilience to disaster in four regional Australian towns 386Helen J. Boon44 Sink or swim? Response recovery and adaptation in communities impacted by the 2010/11 Australian floods 395Deanne K. Bird David King Katharine Haynes Pamela Box and Tetsuya Okada45 Disaster risk management and climate change adaptation revisited 407Michael HowesSECTION 9 Business 41546 Adaptation to climate change by business organisations 417Frans Berkhout47 Capacities of private developers in urban climate change adaptation 422Heather Shearer Jago Dodson Eddo Coiacetto and Pazit Taygfeld48 Ensuring small business continuity under a changing climate: the role of adaptive capacity 429Natasha Kuruppu Pierre Mukheibir and Janina Murta49 Investing in adaptive capacity: opportunities risks and firm behaviour 437Jason WestIndex 445

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Jean Palutikof is the Director of the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) where she has built a national program of adaptation research, communication and partnerships. Prior to joining NCCARF she managed the production of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report for Working Group II (Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability). Her research interests focus on climate change impacts, and the application of climatic data to economic and planning issues.Sarah Boulter is a Research Fellow with NCCARF where she works on synthesis and communication of adaptation research. Her research background includes studies of biodiversity and reproductive ecology of forested systems and the impacts of climate change.Jon Barnett is a Professor and Australian Research Council Future Fellow in Geography at The University of Melbourne. He is a political geographer who researches the impacts of and responses to environmental change on social systems in Australia, East Asia and the South Pacific.David Rissik is Deputy Director (General Manager) of the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility responsible for the day-to-day management of the Facility and the Synthesis and Integrative Research Program.  He has interest and experience in the delivery of applied research to practitioners in ways that are easily accessible and useful.  His research background is in coastal and estuarine ecology and management.

• List of Contributors ixAcknowledgements xv1 Introduction to the book 1Jean P. Palutikof Sarah L. Boulter Jon Barnett and David Rissik2 Adaptation as a field of research and practice: notes from the frontiers of adaptation 6Jean P. Palutikof Jon Barnett Sarah L. Boulter and David RissikSECTION 1 Frameworks for enabling adaptation 213 Thoughts on the context of adaptation to climate change 23Gary Yohe4 Reflections on disaster loss trends global climate change and insurance 26John Mcaneney Ryan Crompton Rade Musulin George Walker Delphine Mcaneney and Roger Pielke Jr5 Designing spatial adaptation planning instruments 34Andrew Macintosh Jan Mcdonald and Anita Foerster6 Public risk perceptions understandings and responses to climate change 43Joseph P. Reser Graham L. Bradley and Michelle C. Ellul7 Bridging the gap between researchers and decision-makers 51Danielle C. Verdon-Kidd Anthony S. Kiem and Emma K. AustinSECTION 2 M anaging ecosystems under climate change 618 The challenge of biodiversity adaptation under climate change 63Jonathan T. Overpeck9 Management options for bird conservation in the face of climate change 68Donald C. Franklin April E. Reside and Stephen T. Garnett10 Methods to prioritise adaptation options for iconic seabirds and marine mammals impacted by climate change 77Alistair J. Hobday Lynda E. Chambers and John P.Y. Arnould11 Climate adaptation and adaptive management planning for the Macquarie Marshes: a wetland of international importance 95Gilad bino richard t. Kingsford and Kim Jenkins12 Conservation of Australian plant-dwelling invertebrates in a changing climate 107Melinda L. MoirSECTION 3 Farming 11713 Agricultural adaptations: social context and complexity 119John Morton14 Farmer decision-making under climate change: a real options analysis 122Greg Hertzler Todd Sanderson Tim Capon Peter Hayman Ross Kingwell Anthea Mcclintock Jason Crean and Alan Randall15 Broadacre farmers adapting to a changing climate 130Ross Kingwell Lucy Anderton Nazrul Islam Vilaphonh Xayavong Angela Wardell-Johnson David Feldman and Jane Speijers16 Growth opportunities for marine fisheries and aquaculture industries in a changing climate 139Alistair J. Hobday Rodrigo H. Bustamante Anna Farmery Aysha Fleming Stewart Frusher Bridget S. Green Lilly Lim-Camacho James Innes Sarah Jennings Ana Norman-López Sean Pascoe Gretta T. Pecl Éva E. Plagányi-Lloyd Peggy Schrobback Oliver Thebaud Linda Thomas and E. Ingrid van Putten17 Water tariffs and farmer adaptation: the case of Goulburn–Murray Water Victoria Australia 156Bethany Cooper Lin Crase and Nicholas Pawsey18 The role of water markets in helping irrigators adapt to water scarcity in the Murray–Darling Basin Australia 166Sarah Ann Wheeler Adam Loch and Jane EdwardsSECTION 4 Coasts 17519 Raising the seas rising to greatness? Meeting the challenge of coastal climate change 177Susanne C. Moser20 A framework for modelling the risks of climate-change impacts on Australian coasts 181Colin Woodroffe Dave Callaghan Peter Cowell David Wainwright Kerrylee Rogers and Roshanka Ranasinghe21 Navigating from climate change impacts to adaptation actions in coastal ecosystems 190Wade L. Hadwen and Samantha J. Capon22 Enhancing the resilience of seaports to a changing climate 200Darryn Mcevoy and Jane Mullett23 Equity economic efficiency and institutional capacity in adapting coastal settlements 208Cameron S. Fletcher Bruce M. Taylor Alicia N. Rambaldi Ben P. Harman Sonja Heyenga K. Renuka Ganegodage Felix Lipkin and Ryan R. J. Mcallister24 Who should do what? Public perceptions on responsibility for sea-level rise adaptation 216Elissa Waters and Jon BarnettSECTION 5 Building resilience among vulnerable groups 22525 The ‘turn to capacity’ in vulnerability research 227Hallie Eakin26 The limits to adaptation: a comparative analysis 231Jon Barnett and Jean P. Palutikof27 Adaptation to extreme heat and climate change in culturally and linguistically diverse communities 241Alana Hansen Monika Nitschke and Peng Bi28 Experiences of resettled refugees during the 2011 Queensland floods 250Ignacio Correa-Velez Celia Mcmichael Sandra M. Gifford and Augustine Conteh29 Vulnerability to climate change among disadvantaged groups: the role of social exclusion 258Arusyak Sevoyan and Graeme Hugo30 Adapting the community sector for climate extremes 266Emily Hamilton and Karl MallonSECTION 6 Indigenous experience of climate change 28131 Continuity and change: Indigenous Australia and the imperative of adaptation 283Meg Parsons32 Housing households and climate change adaptation in the town camps of Alice Springs 289Ralph Horne and Andrew Martel33 Indigenous experiences and responses to Cyclone Tracy 297Katharine Haynes Deanne K. Bird and Dean B. Carson34 Indigenous governance and climate change adaptation: two native title case studies from Australia 307Tran Tran Jessica K. Weir Lisa M. Strelein and Claire Stacey35 Indigenous adaptation to climate change: the Arabana 316Melissa Nursey-Bray Deane Fergie Veronica Arbon Lester-Irabinna Rigney Rob Palmer John Tibby Nick Harvey Lucy Hackworth and Aaron StuartSECTION 7 Settlements and housing 32736 Contextualising the challenge of adapting human settlements 329William D. Solecki37 Climate change and the future of Australia’s country towns 332Andrew Beer Selina Tually Michael Kroehn John Martin Rolf Gerritsen Mike Taylor Michelle Graymore and Julia Law38 Robust optimisation of urban drought security for an uncertain climate 342Mohammad Mortazavi-Naeini George Kuczera Anthony S. Kiem Lijie Cui Benjamin Henley Brendan Berghout and Emma Turner39 How to cope with heat waves in the home 354Wasim Saman Stephen Pullen and John Boland40 Pathways for adaptation of low-income housing to extreme heat 364Guy Barnett R. Matthew Beaty Jacqui Meyers Dong Chen and Stephen Mcfallan41 Climate change adaptation in the rental sector 372Lesley Instone Kathleen J. Mee Jane Palmer Miriam Williams and Nicola VaughanSECTION 8 A daptation and disaster management 38142 Practical adaptation: past present and future 383Ian Burton43 Community resilience to disaster in four regional Australian towns 386Helen J. Boon44 Sink or swim? Response recovery and adaptation in communities impacted by the 2010/11 Australian floods 395Deanne K. Bird David King Katharine Haynes Pamela Box and Tetsuya Okada45 Disaster risk management and climate change adaptation revisited 407Michael HowesSECTION 9 Business 41546 Adaptation to climate change by business organisations 417Frans Berkhout47 Capacities of private developers in urban climate change adaptation 422Heather Shearer Jago Dodson Eddo Coiacetto and Pazit Taygfeld48 Ensuring small business continuity under a changing climate: the role of adaptive capacity 429Natasha Kuruppu Pierre Mukheibir and Janina Murta49 Investing in adaptive capacity: opportunities risks and firm behaviour 437Jason WestIndex 445

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Jean Palutikof is the Director of the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) where she has built a national program of adaptation research, communication and partnerships. Prior to joining NCCARF she managed the production of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report for Working Group II (Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability). Her research interests focus on climate change impacts, and the application of climatic data to economic and planning issues.Sarah Boulter is a Research Fellow with NCCARF where she works on synthesis and communication of adaptation research. Her research background includes studies of biodiversity and reproductive ecology of forested systems and the impacts of climate change.Jon Barnett is a Professor and Australian Research Council Future Fellow in Geography at The University of Melbourne. He is a political geographer who researches the impacts of and responses to environmental change on social systems in Australia, East Asia and the South Pacific.David Rissik is Deputy Director (General Manager) of the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility responsible for the day-to-day management of the Facility and the Synthesis and Integrative Research Program.  He has interest and experience in the delivery of applied research to practitioners in ways that are easily accessible and useful.  His research background is in coastal and estuarine ecology and management.

• List of Contributors ixAcknowledgements xv1 Introduction to the book 1Jean P. Palutikof Sarah L. Boulter Jon Barnett and David Rissik2 Adaptation as a field of research and practice: notes from the frontiers of adaptation 6Jean P. Palutikof Jon Barnett Sarah L. Boulter and David RissikSECTION 1 Frameworks for enabling adaptation 213 Thoughts on the context of adaptation to climate change 23Gary Yohe4 Reflections on disaster loss trends global climate change and insurance 26John Mcaneney Ryan Crompton Rade Musulin George Walker Delphine Mcaneney and Roger Pielke Jr5 Designing spatial adaptation planning instruments 34Andrew Macintosh Jan Mcdonald and Anita Foerster6 Public risk perceptions understandings and responses to climate change 43Joseph P. Reser Graham L. Bradley and Michelle C. Ellul7 Bridging the gap between researchers and decision-makers 51Danielle C. Verdon-Kidd Anthony S. Kiem and Emma K. AustinSECTION 2 M anaging ecosystems under climate change 618 The challenge of biodiversity adaptation under climate change 63Jonathan T. Overpeck9 Management options for bird conservation in the face of climate change 68Donald C. Franklin April E. Reside and Stephen T. Garnett10 Methods to prioritise adaptation options for iconic seabirds and marine mammals impacted by climate change 77Alistair J. Hobday Lynda E. Chambers and John P.Y. Arnould11 Climate adaptation and adaptive management planning for the Macquarie Marshes: a wetland of international importance 95Gilad bino richard t. Kingsford and Kim Jenkins12 Conservation of Australian plant-dwelling invertebrates in a changing climate 107Melinda L. MoirSECTION 3 Farming 11713 Agricultural adaptations: social context and complexity 119John Morton14 Farmer decision-making under climate change: a real options analysis 122Greg Hertzler Todd Sanderson Tim Capon Peter Hayman Ross Kingwell Anthea Mcclintock Jason Crean and Alan Randall15 Broadacre farmers adapting to a changing climate 130Ross Kingwell Lucy Anderton Nazrul Islam Vilaphonh Xayavong Angela Wardell-Johnson David Feldman and Jane Speijers16 Growth opportunities for marine fisheries and aquaculture industries in a changing climate 139Alistair J. Hobday Rodrigo H. Bustamante Anna Farmery Aysha Fleming Stewart Frusher Bridget S. Green Lilly Lim-Camacho James Innes Sarah Jennings Ana Norman-López Sean Pascoe Gretta T. Pecl Éva E. Plagányi-Lloyd Peggy Schrobback Oliver Thebaud Linda Thomas and E. Ingrid van Putten17 Water tariffs and farmer adaptation: the case of Goulburn–Murray Water Victoria Australia 156Bethany Cooper Lin Crase and Nicholas Pawsey18 The role of water markets in helping irrigators adapt to water scarcity in the Murray–Darling Basin Australia 166Sarah Ann Wheeler Adam Loch and Jane EdwardsSECTION 4 Coasts 17519 Raising the seas rising to greatness? Meeting the challenge of coastal climate change 177Susanne C. Moser20 A framework for modelling the risks of climate-change impacts on Australian coasts 181Colin Woodroffe Dave Callaghan Peter Cowell David Wainwright Kerrylee Rogers and Roshanka Ranasinghe21 Navigating from climate change impacts to adaptation actions in coastal ecosystems 190Wade L. Hadwen and Samantha J. Capon22 Enhancing the resilience of seaports to a changing climate 200Darryn Mcevoy and Jane Mullett23 Equity economic efficiency and institutional capacity in adapting coastal settlements 208Cameron S. Fletcher Bruce M. Taylor Alicia N. Rambaldi Ben P. Harman Sonja Heyenga K. Renuka Ganegodage Felix Lipkin and Ryan R. J. Mcallister24 Who should do what? Public perceptions on responsibility for sea-level rise adaptation 216Elissa Waters and Jon BarnettSECTION 5 Building resilience among vulnerable groups 22525 The ‘turn to capacity’ in vulnerability research 227Hallie Eakin26 The limits to adaptation: a comparative analysis 231Jon Barnett and Jean P. Palutikof27 Adaptation to extreme heat and climate change in culturally and linguistically diverse communities 241Alana Hansen Monika Nitschke and Peng Bi28 Experiences of resettled refugees during the 2011 Queensland floods 250Ignacio Correa-Velez Celia Mcmichael Sandra M. Gifford and Augustine Conteh29 Vulnerability to climate change among disadvantaged groups: the role of social exclusion 258Arusyak Sevoyan and Graeme Hugo30 Adapting the community sector for climate extremes 266Emily Hamilton and Karl MallonSECTION 6 Indigenous experience of climate change 28131 Continuity and change: Indigenous Australia and the imperative of adaptation 283Meg Parsons32 Housing households and climate change adaptation in the town camps of Alice Springs 289Ralph Horne and Andrew Martel33 Indigenous experiences and responses to Cyclone Tracy 297Katharine Haynes Deanne K. Bird and Dean B. Carson34 Indigenous governance and climate change adaptation: two native title case studies from Australia 307Tran Tran Jessica K. Weir Lisa M. Strelein and Claire Stacey35 Indigenous adaptation to climate change: the Arabana 316Melissa Nursey-Bray Deane Fergie Veronica Arbon Lester-Irabinna Rigney Rob Palmer John Tibby Nick Harvey Lucy Hackworth and Aaron StuartSECTION 7 Settlements and housing 32736 Contextualising the challenge of adapting human settlements 329William D. Solecki37 Climate change and the future of Australia’s country towns 332Andrew Beer Selina Tually Michael Kroehn John Martin Rolf Gerritsen Mike Taylor Michelle Graymore and Julia Law38 Robust optimisation of urban drought security for an uncertain climate 342Mohammad Mortazavi-Naeini George Kuczera Anthony S. Kiem Lijie Cui Benjamin Henley Brendan Berghout and Emma Turner39 How to cope with heat waves in the home 354Wasim Saman Stephen Pullen and John Boland40 Pathways for adaptation of low-income housing to extreme heat 364Guy Barnett R. Matthew Beaty Jacqui Meyers Dong Chen and Stephen Mcfallan41 Climate change adaptation in the rental sector 372Lesley Instone Kathleen J. Mee Jane Palmer Miriam Williams and Nicola VaughanSECTION 8 A daptation and disaster management 38142 Practical adaptation: past present and future 383Ian Burton43 Community resilience to disaster in four regional Australian towns 386Helen J. Boon44 Sink or swim? Response recovery and adaptation in communities impacted by the 2010/11 Australian floods 395Deanne K. Bird David King Katharine Haynes Pamela Box and Tetsuya Okada45 Disaster risk management and climate change adaptation revisited 407Michael HowesSECTION 9 Business 41546 Adaptation to climate change by business organisations 417Frans Berkhout47 Capacities of private developers in urban climate change adaptation 422Heather Shearer Jago Dodson Eddo Coiacetto and Pazit Taygfeld48 Ensuring small business continuity under a changing climate: the role of adaptive capacity 429Natasha Kuruppu Pierre Mukheibir and Janina Murta49 Investing in adaptive capacity: opportunities risks and firm behaviour 437Jason WestIndex 445

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