Elena Dugan is an Associate of Harvard University’s Department of Classics, and an instructor of Philosophy and Religious Studies at Phillips Academy Andover. She earned her doctorate in 2021 at Princeton University, where she received the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Fellowship, the Harold W. Dodds Honorific Fellowship, and the Dean’s Completion Fellowship, as well as department and university-wide awards for teaching. Her work has been published in the Journal of Biblical Literature, Jewish Studies Quarterly, and the Classical World.

• List of IllustrationsAcknowledgementsIntroduction: Absence of Evidence or Evidence of Absence?1. On Subsidiary Works, Absent and Present from our Documents2. The Nature of the Beast: Literary Evidence for Animal Apocalypse(s) of Enoch3. Material Evidence for Animal Apocalypse(s) of Enoch4. Dating the Animal Apocalypses5. The Early Christian Readers of the Apocalypse of the Birds6. The Apocalypse of the Birds and the First Jewish Revolt7. On Animal Apocalypses in the First Century and BeyondAppendix: An Annotated Apocalypse of the Birds (1 Enoch 89.59–90.42)BibliographyIndex

This learned and ingenious monograph raises important methodological questions for the study of the Pseudepigrapha that will define the study of this corpus of ancient writings in the coming generation.

Elena Dugan is an Associate of Harvard University’s Department of Classics, and an instructor of Philosophy and Religious Studies at Phillips Academy Andover. She earned her doctorate in 2021 at Princeton University, where she received the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Fellowship, the Harold W. Dodds Honorific Fellowship, and the Dean’s Completion Fellowship, as well as department and university-wide awards for teaching. Her work has been published in the Journal of Biblical Literature, Jewish Studies Quarterly, and the Classical World.

• List of IllustrationsAcknowledgementsIntroduction: Absence of Evidence or Evidence of Absence?1. On Subsidiary Works, Absent and Present from our Documents2. The Nature of the Beast: Literary Evidence for Animal Apocalypse(s) of Enoch3. Material Evidence for Animal Apocalypse(s) of Enoch4. Dating the Animal Apocalypses5. The Early Christian Readers of the Apocalypse of the Birds6. The Apocalypse of the Birds and the First Jewish Revolt7. On Animal Apocalypses in the First Century and BeyondAppendix: An Annotated Apocalypse of the Birds (1 Enoch 89.59–90.42)BibliographyIndex

This learned and ingenious monograph raises important methodological questions for the study of the Pseudepigrapha that will define the study of this corpus of ancient writings in the coming generation.

Elena Dugan is an Associate of Harvard University’s Department of Classics, and an instructor of Philosophy and Religious Studies at Phillips Academy Andover. She earned her doctorate in 2021 at Princeton University, where she received the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Fellowship, the Harold W. Dodds Honorific Fellowship, and the Dean’s Completion Fellowship, as well as department and university-wide awards for teaching. Her work has been published in the Journal of Biblical Literature, Jewish Studies Quarterly, and the Classical World.

• List of IllustrationsAcknowledgementsIntroduction: Absence of Evidence or Evidence of Absence?1. On Subsidiary Works, Absent and Present from our Documents2. The Nature of the Beast: Literary Evidence for Animal Apocalypse(s) of Enoch3. Material Evidence for Animal Apocalypse(s) of Enoch4. Dating the Animal Apocalypses5. The Early Christian Readers of the Apocalypse of the Birds6. The Apocalypse of the Birds and the First Jewish Revolt7. On Animal Apocalypses in the First Century and BeyondAppendix: An Annotated Apocalypse of the Birds (1 Enoch 89.59–90.42)BibliographyIndex

This learned and ingenious monograph raises important methodological questions for the study of the Pseudepigrapha that will define the study of this corpus of ancient writings in the coming generation.