Anthropogenic Soils in Japan

Makiko Watanabe is professor of soil geography in the Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan. She is a leader of the Kenkyu-kan Project “Role of Soils in Mega Asian Cities”, supported by the President’s Expenditure of Tokyo Metropolitan University (2015–2018). She was a program officer of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (2009–2011), a member of the Science Council of Japan (2006–2014), and currently is a member of the National Research and Development Agency Council of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2015–present). She was a visiting scholar at St. Catherine’s College, University of Cambridge (1998), a visiting professor at the Department of Historical Ecology, Krasnoyarsk State University (2000), and a visiting professor at the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Regina, Canada (2016). Based on her abundant field experience in the Philippines, Germany, Egypt, Canada, and Mongolia, she has a broad view of the time and space of soil and individual land history. Her research achievements are specialized in long-term circulation of soil substances, and nature–human systems in regional environments, which provide basic knowledge of the potentiality and limitation of homeostasis in terrestrial earth and feasible strategies for sustainable development. Masayuki Kawahigashi is associate professor of environmental geography in the Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan. He is a delegate of the Japanese Society of Soil Sciences and Plant Nutrition, a consilor of Japanese Society of Pedology, a subject editor of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition (2013–2015, 2017–2018), and a visiting associate professor at the Faculty of Earth Sciences of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland (2018). He was a visiting scientist at the University of Bayreuth (2002) and at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (2003–2004). He focuses on dynamics of elements in ecosystems of various climatic zones from boreal to tropical regions, also addressing soil and water in agricultural and urban systems to understand anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems. Soils in anthropized environments are his latest challenges in researching soils from several different scientific points of view.

• Soils Sealed by Technic Hard Materials in Urban and Traffic Areas.- Soils constructed on Ski Slopes.- Soils on River Embankments.- Soils in Historical Urban Parks.- Soils on Coastal Berms for Reproducing the Coastal Forests Damaged by the Mega-tsunami.- Soils Filled in Swamplands behind Coastal Sand Dunes to Prevent Coastal Disaster.- Geotechnical Issues for Developing Coastal Waste-Landfill.- Soils on Man-made Islands in Tokyo Bay.- Soils in the Reclaimed Land after Drainage in Isahaya Bay.- Soil Dressing with Alluvial Soil Materials “Dorotsuke”.- Soils Modified by Topsoil Dressing and Deep Tilling in Peaty Farmland.- Soils in Greenhouse Fields in an Urbanized Area.- Conversion of Land Uses in Cultivated Land.