English mathematician Alan Turing (1912–1954) is the author of the 1936 paper "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" that introduced the imaginary computer called the Turing Machine for understanding the nature and limitations of computing. His famous 1950 article "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" introduced the Turing Test for gauging artificial intelligence. American writer Charles Petzold (1953–) is the author of the acclaimed 1999 book Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software, a unique exploration into the digital technologies of computers. He is also the author of hundreds of articles about computer programming, as well as several books on writing programs that run under Microsoft Windows. His Web site is www.charlespetzold.com.

• Introduction viiI Foundations 11 This Tomb Holds Diophantus 32 The Irrational and the Transcendental 133 Centuries of Progress 35II Computable Numbers 554 The Education of Alan Turing 575 Machines at Work 796 Addition and Multiplication 977 Also Known as Subroutines 1118 Everything Is a Number 1279 The Universal Machine 14310 Computers and Computability 16311 Of Machines and Men 189III Das Entscheidungsproblem 19912 Logic and Computability 20113 Computable Functions 23114 The Major Proof 25915 The Lambda Calculus 28116 Conceiving the Continuum 299IV And Beyond 32317 Is Everything a Turing Machine? 32518 The Long Sleep of Diophantus 351Selected Bibliography 361Index 366

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English mathematician Alan Turing (1912–1954) is the author of the 1936 paper "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" that introduced the imaginary computer called the Turing Machine for understanding the nature and limitations of computing. His famous 1950 article "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" introduced the Turing Test for gauging artificial intelligence. American writer Charles Petzold (1953–) is the author of the acclaimed 1999 book Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software, a unique exploration into the digital technologies of computers. He is also the author of hundreds of articles about computer programming, as well as several books on writing programs that run under Microsoft Windows. His Web site is www.charlespetzold.com.

• Introduction viiI Foundations 11 This Tomb Holds Diophantus 32 The Irrational and the Transcendental 133 Centuries of Progress 35II Computable Numbers 554 The Education of Alan Turing 575 Machines at Work 796 Addition and Multiplication 977 Also Known as Subroutines 1118 Everything Is a Number 1279 The Universal Machine 14310 Computers and Computability 16311 Of Machines and Men 189III Das Entscheidungsproblem 19912 Logic and Computability 20113 Computable Functions 23114 The Major Proof 25915 The Lambda Calculus 28116 Conceiving the Continuum 299IV And Beyond 32317 Is Everything a Turing Machine? 32518 The Long Sleep of Diophantus 351Selected Bibliography 361Index 366

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English mathematician Alan Turing (1912–1954) is the author of the 1936 paper "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" that introduced the imaginary computer called the Turing Machine for understanding the nature and limitations of computing. His famous 1950 article "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" introduced the Turing Test for gauging artificial intelligence. American writer Charles Petzold (1953–) is the author of the acclaimed 1999 book Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software, a unique exploration into the digital technologies of computers. He is also the author of hundreds of articles about computer programming, as well as several books on writing programs that run under Microsoft Windows. His Web site is www.charlespetzold.com.

• Introduction viiI Foundations 11 This Tomb Holds Diophantus 32 The Irrational and the Transcendental 133 Centuries of Progress 35II Computable Numbers 554 The Education of Alan Turing 575 Machines at Work 796 Addition and Multiplication 977 Also Known as Subroutines 1118 Everything Is a Number 1279 The Universal Machine 14310 Computers and Computability 16311 Of Machines and Men 189III Das Entscheidungsproblem 19912 Logic and Computability 20113 Computable Functions 23114 The Major Proof 25915 The Lambda Calculus 28116 Conceiving the Continuum 299IV And Beyond 32317 Is Everything a Turing Machine? 32518 The Long Sleep of Diophantus 351Selected Bibliography 361Index 366

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