The Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) occupy a uniquely strategic position at the mouth of the Bay of Bengal, forming one of the most strategically located island chains in the world. Positioned close to the Strait of Malacca, these 572 islands serve as the first land connection from the Strait and overlook one of the world's busiest sea lines of communication. As the Indo-Pacific becomes the new theatre of great power contestation in the 21st century, the Andaman Sea will no longer remain the tranquil backwater it has been for the past two centuries. This comprehensive volume brings together accomplished academicians and practitioners to examine the multifaceted importance of the ANI through three distinct sections: history, geography, and tradition; security dimensions; and economic development and connectivity. The volume adopts a multidisciplinary approach, relying on substantial primary sources and combining theoretical frameworks with situational assessments. It addresses critical, yet understudied, aspects, including maritime boundaries with Indonesia and Myanmar, marine ecosystems, underwater domain awareness, power projection capabilities, and blue economy potential.This volume is essential reading for students, researchers, academicians, policymakers, and think tanks engaged in South Asian studies, maritime security, Indo-Pacific affairs, strategic studies, and international relations. It provides invaluable insights for understanding India's maritime profile and the geostrategic significance of the ANI in contemporary global affairs.